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1、bookAugust29,2007EcologicalModelsandDatainRbookAugust29,2007bookAugust29,2007EcologicalModelsandDatainRBenBolkerPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSPRINCETONANDOXFORDbookAugust29,2007ivACKNOWLEDGMENTSLotsofpeoplehavehelpedmestartandfinishthisbook.Iwouldliketothank:TheRcommunity,forbui
2、ldingsuchausefultool.Variousresearchinstitutionsthathaveprovidedmeroomtoworkovertheyears:theDepartmentofZoologyattheUniversityofFlorida,theMathematicalBiosciencesInstitute,andtheNERCCentreforPopulationBiologyatSilwoodPark.Allthestudentsandcolleagueswhohavebroughtmesuchint
3、erestingandchallengingproblemsovertheyears,especiallythosewhotookthetimetofinderrorsormakesuggestions:JorgeAhumada,ChadBrassil,DavidBuck,LinCassidy,LewCoggins,RickCondit,MickCrawley,IanDworkin,IanFiske,GregorGorjanc,TomHobbs,RicoHoldo,HollyKindsvater,AaronMacNeil,JulienMar
4、tin,JeremyMendoza,MikeMcCoy,JessMet-calf,ToshinoriOkuyama,StuartSandin,NatSeavy,DarrenShaw,AdrianStier,DonStrong,MariaUriarte,WillWilson,andseveralanonymousre-viewers.IapologizeifIforgotyourname,orifyoursuggestionsslippedthroughthecracksorwerejusttoohardtoimplement.Resear
5、cherswhogenerouslycontributedtheiroriginaldatasetsasexamples:JamesD.Thomson,RussSchmittandSallyHolbrook,MikeDoddandJonathanSilvertown,JamesVonesh,andJackieWilson.MyPh.D.andpostdoctoraladvisors,BryanGrenfellandStevePacala,forintroducingmetomathematicalandstatisticalecology
6、.Myparents,JoanandEthanBolker,forthoroughandthoughtfulcom-mentsonthemanuscriptandforestablishingtheexpectationthatwritingbooksisjustwhatpeopledo.AndlastbutnotleastAidanandespeciallyTarafortheirlove,pa-tienceandsupport.Essentially,allmodelsarewrongbutsomeareuseful.GeorgeBo
7、xbookAugust29,2007ContentsChapter1.Introduction11.1Introduction21.2Whatthisbookisnotabout41.3Frameworksformodeling61.4Frameworksforstatisticalinference121.5Frameworksforcomputing231.6Outlineofthemodelingprocess261.7Rsupplement31Chapter2.Exploratorydataanalysisandgraphics4
8、12.1Summary422.2Introduction422.3GettingdataintoR432.4Datatypes482.5Exploratorydataanalysisandgr
