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1、*AcademyofManagementJournal2012.Vol.55.No.4.877-904.http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0013FROMPRACTICETOFIELD:AMULTILEVELMODELOFPRACTICE-DRIVENINSTITUTIONALCHANGEMICHAELSMETSAstonUniversityTIMMORRISUniversityofOxfordROYSTONGREENWOODUniversityofAlbertaThisarticledevelopsamodelofpractice-driv
2、eninstitutionalchainge—orchangethatoriginatesintheeverydayworkofindividualsbutresultsinashiftinfield-levellogic.Indemonstratinghowimprovisationsatworkcangenerateinstitutionalchange,weattendtotheearliestmomentsofchange,whichextantresearchhasneglected;andwecontrastexistingaccountsthatfocusonac
3、tiveentrepreneurshipandthecontestednatureofchange.Weoutlinethespecificmechanismsbywhichchangeemergesfromeverydaywork,becomesjustified,anddiffuseswithinanorganizationandfield,aswellasprecipitatingandenablingdynamicsthattriggerandconditionthesemechanisms.Understandingtheprocessesandmechanismso
4、fformedinternationallawfirmsoughttoproducefield-levelchangeisacentralthemeincurrentin-"seamless"cross-borderservicesandhowtheiref-stitutionalscholarship.Inparticular,thereisin-fortsinteractedwithfield-levelprofessionallogics.creasinginterestinhow"institutionallogics"thatWeapplyapracticepersp
5、ective(e.g.,Jarzabkowski,structurebehaviorattheleveloforganizationand2005;Orlikowski,1996;Schatzki,2001)todevelopfield,definedasthoseorganizationsthatinteractsoamultilevelmodelofpractice-driveninstitutionalfrequentlyandfatefullyastoberecognizedasachangethatemergesfromimprovisationsinevery-di
6、stinctareaofinstitutionallife,aredisturbedanddaywork,consolidateswithinanorganization,andamended(Thornton&Ocasio,2008).Todate,ex-radiatestotheleveloftheorganization'sfield.Thisplanationsofsuchchangeshaveprimarilyempha-modeldiffersfromexistingtheoriesandofferssizedfield-levelprocesses,involvi
7、ngdeliberatein-threecontributionstounderstandingofinstitu-stitutionalentrepreneurshipcharacterizedbytionalchange:conflictandcontestation(Lawrence,Suddaby,&First,itshowshowfield-levelinstitutionalLeca,2009).Buttheseaccountshavebeencriti-changemayeme
