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1、SellNonrestrictiveRelativesNiinaZhangAug.29,20011.IntroductionIthaslongbeenacontroversialissuewhetherChinesehasnonrestrictiverelativesorappositiverelatives(Chao1968,Tang1979,Huang1982,Tsao1986:34,etc.).Theuniquegoalofthispaperistoargueagainsttheexistenceofnonrestrictiverelati
2、vesinChinese,andaccountfortheabsenceintermsoftheabsenceofrelativepronounsinthelanguage.Moreaccurately,adoptingCanacMarquis&Tremblay(1996,CT,hence),wearguethatallrelativeclausesarerestrictiveandtheso-callednonrestrictiverelativesareDPswhichhaveacoreferentialrelationwithanother
3、DPandwhichcontainarelativewithaprohead.ThepresenceofrelativepronounsintheDPslicensestheprosyntacticallytoholdacoreferentialrelationwiththeantecedentDP.SincethereisnorelativepronouninChinese,thelicensingisnotavailableandthusDPscontainingarelativewithaproheadcannothaveanapposit
4、ionrelationwithotherDPsinthelanguage.Althoughweshowthatcertainconstructionsdonotcontainappositiveexpressions,wedonotdiscusstheirotherpropertiesinthispaper.Appositiveexpressionsaredividedintotwotypes:thosewithanovertnounhead,andthosewithout,asshownin(1a)and(1b),respectively.In
5、(1a)awomanisthenounheadoftherelativeclausewhomMarymetattheparty,andthewholeDPawomanwhomMarymetatthepartyisanappositiveexpression,coreferentialwiththeantecedentJane.In(1b),theappositiveexpressionwhomMarymetatthepartydoesnothaveanounhead.(1)a.Jane,awomanwhomMarymetattheparty,is
6、brilliant.b.Jane,whomMarymetattheparty,isbrilliant.Iwillcallthetypeofappositiveexpressionsrepresentedby(1a)HeadedAppositive(HA),andthetyperepresentedby(1b)Null-HeadAppositive(NHA).CTclaimthatallrelativesarerestrictive,andthoseliketheonein(1b)hasaprohead.Accordingtothem,allapp
7、ositiveexpressionsarenominals,eitherintheformofasimpleDP,liketheunderlinedpartin(2),oraDPwhichcontainsarelativeclause,asin(1).(2)John,anabsent-mindedman,camelate.Obviously,simplenominalappositiveslike(2)andHAslike(1a)alsooccurinChinese,asshownin(3a)and(3b),respectively:(3)a.B
8、olin,zhegeOuzhouchengshi,youbashiduojiabowuguan.Berlin,thisclEuropec
