英美社会与文化

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1、英美社会与文化学生姓名：余利院(系)：机械工程学院专业班级：机械s101教师：李泽娟UKI.BritishEducationSystem1.ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemToprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietyandalsotosocializechildren,teachingthoserulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipatei

2、nthecommunity,andtocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.2.Thepresenteducationsystem---pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)nurseryschools;daycare;playgroups---primaryschooling(5-11,6years)mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedprimaryschools---secondaryschooling(11--around19, 

3、7years)comprehensiveschools(①90%;②admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneraleducation,teachingstudentseverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteraturetomorepracticalsubjectslikecooking);grammarschools(①selectchildrenattheage11throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”,inwhi

4、chthosewhogetthehighestmarksgotogrammarschools;②layemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensivesandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities;③thegrammarschool/non-grammarschooldivisionisstillcommoninNorthernIreland,butthroughouttherestofGreatBritaingr

5、ammarschoolsarebecomingincreasinglyrare).After5yearsofsecondaryschooling,ataboutage16,exceptScottishstudents,thestudentssittheirGCSEexams(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)thentheycan1）quitschool;2）orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;3）orconcentrateonvocationaltraining.---highereducation

6、Onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckingham;Oldestuniversities:Oxford(12thC.);Cambridge(13thC.);StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeenfrom14thand15thcenturies.II.SportsManyinternationalsportswereintroducedbytheBritishwhotaketheirleisuretimeveryseriously.Thereiswidespreadparticipa

7、tioninsportinBritain.1.FootballinBritainFootballwasinventedinBritain.Itisaroughfastgameplayedinwinterandearlyspring.Legendsholdthatitderivedfromthe“sport”ofancientwarriorscelebratingvictorybykickingaroundthedecapitatedheadofanenem