英语：句子结构--简单句

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1、英语句子概论基本成分附属成分独立成分省略成分连接成分简单句并列句复合句主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live...简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-i

2、ngV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(直)宾语(间)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheada

3、ches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本句型主语+连系动词+表语A.表变化的:turnbecomegetgofallgrowB.表状态的:beseemappearThecaket

4、astes_____.goodC.表感官的:feelseemlooksoundtastesmellD.表变化结果的：becomecomeproveturnE.表状态持续的：staykeepremaincontinueItcomesafteratime.easy2.主语+不及物动词Tomdied.Greatchangeshavetakenplace.注意几个“发生”：happentakeplacebreakoutoccur-----Howoldisshe?-----Shehasjustturned40.Theplayprovetobegood.fallill/lame/silent/a

5、sleepSheturnedteacherbutherbrotherbecameadoctor.3.主语+及物动词+宾语WestudyEnglish.Wethoughttheplanoverallthenight.Wearelivingahappylife.4.主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾Igavehimsomemoney.或Igavesomemoneytohim.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补Wethinkthejobeasy.Wemadehimmonitor.TheteacherasksustoreadEnglishmore.注意:省toTheteacherletsmakesh

6、aveusreadEnglishmore.WepractisewritinginEnglish.(形容词做宾补)(名词做宾补)(动词不定式)(动名词做宾补)一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助主谓宾结构此结构为:主语+及物动词+宾语+其它成分。及物动词（TransitiveVerb）后需跟有直接宾语，它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句。（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、语态、人称和数。我有一块表.他有一本书.他们有自行车.昨天他买了一台电脑.Ihaveawatch.Hehasabo

7、ok.Theyhavebikes.Theyboughtacomputeryesterday.1.你英语讲得很好.2.他非常喜欢英语.3.我们正在植树.*4.小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信.5.老师今下午将参加我们的班会.YouspeakEnglishverywell.HelikesEnglishverymuch.Weareplantingtrees.XiaoMingreceivedaletterfromAmericalastmonth.Theteache