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1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况Chapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况TheRiseandFallofthe BritishEmpireTheFoundingoftheNationITransitiontotheModernAgeIIIIIBritainSinceWorldwarIIIVAdditionalInformationVCONTENTTheF
2、oundingoftheNationI1.2FeudalSociety1.1RomanBritainandtheAnglo-Saxons1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-Saxons1.1.1PrehistoricPeriod(historyundocumented)9,000yearsagopartofE-Continent3,000BCIberians(Stonehenge)Stonehenge(巨石阵)ItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumentinBrit
3、ainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.PeoplebeganbuildingStonehengeabout5,000yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-SaxonsThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic,ScottishG
4、aelic,Welsh)1.1.2CelticBritain(8th—5thCenturyBC)Firstinvasion—InAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—Germanicattackin Rome,forcingallRoman tro
5、opstoleaveBritain, andthusendingthe Romanoccupationof theisland.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thCentury)GaiusJuliusCaesarIcame,IconqueredHardian’sWall,civildistricts（民政区）andmilitarydistricts（军事区）HardianWallCapableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads
6、)BuildingofLondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”BuildingofroadsGovernmentsystem“ster”,“cester”,“shire”1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD—5thCentury)InfluenceoftheRomanConquestRomancivilization:finebuildings/newroadsandnewwaystocultivatetheland/governmentsystem.1.1.4TheAngl
7、o-SaxonInvasion (5th—8thCentury)Germanicpeople(theJutesfromJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGermany)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguage(oldEnglish)Thelivingareabecamelarger.afamouslegendaryperson:KingArthurandhis“roundtable”RomanChris
8、tianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianitytoBritainfromRomeandbecomesArchbishopofCanterburyInabout7century/theHeptarchy(七国）：EastAnglia,Kent,Essex,Sussex,Northumbria,WessexandMercia)KingArthurandhisExcaliburTheRoundTableT
