英文论文写作6

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1、3.Somecommonwaysoflistingdetailsinthebody:…II.Classification(Logicaldivision)1.Whatisclassification?Classificationistogrouporsortthingsintoasmallnumberofclassessystematicallyaccordingtoacertainprinciple.2.Howtodevelopyourwritingbyclassification?lChooseandapplyasingleprinciple/criterio

2、natatimelDonotoverlaptheclasseslMaketheclassificationreasonablycompletelGivesufficientexplanationtoclarifyanddifferentiatethegivenclasseslIntroducesub-classesifnecessarySample1Children’sInsultsPeterFarb(1929-1980)hadanintenseinterestinlanguageanditsroleinhumanbehavior.Inthisessay,Farb

3、classifiesthenameschildrenusetoinsultoneanother.Theinsultsspokenbyadultsareusuallymoresubtlethanthesimplename-callingusedbychildren,butchildren’sinsultsmakeobvioussomeoftheverbalstrategiespeoplecarryintoadultlife.Mostparentsengageinwishfulthinkingwhentheyregardname-callingasgood-natur

4、edfunwhichtheirchildrenwillsoongrowoutof.Name-callingisnotagood-naturedfunandchildrendonotgrowoutofit.Asadultstheymerelybecomemoreexpertinitsuse.Norisittruethat“sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butnameswillneverhurtone.”Namescanhurtverymuchbecausechildrenseekoutthevictim’strueweakness,t

5、henjabexactlywheretheskinisthethinnest.Name-callingcanhavemajorimpactonachild’sfeelingsabouthisidentity,anditcansometimesbedevastatingtohispsychologicaldevelopment.Almostallexamplesofname-callingofchildrenfallintofourcategories:Namesbasedonphysicalpeculiarities,suchasdeformities,useof

6、eyeglasses,racialcharacteristics,andsoforth.AchildmaybecalledFlattopbecausehewasbornwithamisshapenskull–orforobviousreasons,FatLips,FourEyes,Peanuts,andsoon.Namesbasedonapunorparodyofthechild’sownname.Childrenwithlastnameslikefitts,FarbandMcClureusuallyfindthemconvertedtoShits,Fartand

7、Manure.Namesbasedonsocialrelationships.OneexampleisChickenShitforsomeonewhosecourageisquestionedbyhissocialgroup.Namesbasedonmentaltraits–suchasClunkhead,Dummy,JerkandSmartass.Thesefourcategorieswerelistedinorderofdecreasingoffensivenesstothevictims.Childrenregardnamesbasedonphysicalp

8、eculi