语言与文化期末简答题复习范围

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1、语言与文化期末简答题1.WhatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenalltheartformsandlanguageproperasobservedbyCrystalattheendofthetext?Para18:“Languageallowsustotalkaboutourexperienceoftheworldinawaythatnoothermeansofcommunicationcan.”Cf:Displacementoflanguage:Languageallow

2、sustotalkaboutthingsremoteintimeandspace,orboth,fromthesiteofthecommunication(cf.honeybee’sdance).2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensignlanguageandbodylanguage?Signlanguageisalanguagewhichusesmanualcommunicationandbodylanguagetoconveymeaning.Itdevelopswithinco

3、mmunitiesofdeafpeopleandexhibitsthesamelinguisticpropertiesasspokenlanguage.Bodylanguageisaformofhumannon-verbalcommunication.Itconsistsofbodyposture,gestures,facialexpressions,eyemovements,etc.3.Whilepeoplearetalking,they’realsolookingateachother,andwecan

4、seethattheexpressionsontheirfacesaddagreatdealtowhatthey’resaying.Whatdoesthistellusaboutthevisualaspect(akindofparalinguisticfeature)oflinguisticcommunication?Communicationisnotcompletedmerelyintheexchangesofwords,especiallyinface-to-facetalk.Communicatio

5、nisprototypicallymulti-modal.Paralinguisticfeaturesaddtoorevenconverttheliteralmeaningofwhatpeoplesay.4.Languageacquisitionisoneofthekeyissuesforthestudyoflanguageanditiscloselyrelatedtothestudyofalmostallaspectsoflanguage.Howweacquirelanguageseemstobeamos

6、tstraightforwardquestionbutactuallynoonecanprovideadefiniteanswertoit.Inthisarticle,whatanswersdoesNapoliprovidetothequestionthatsheputsforwardinthetitle“HowDoWeAcquireLanguage”?7Theauthorprovidestwoanswers.First,childrenacquirealanguagestepbystep(Paragrap

7、hs2-12);second,childrenacquirealanguagefollowingtheprinciplesofUniversalGrammar(Paragraphs13-17).Basedonthetwoanswers,theauthorconcludesthatlanguagelearningisanaturalprocess.5.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenlanguagelearningandlanguageacquisition?Thereisanimpo

8、rtantdistinctionmadebylinguistsbetweenlanguageacquisitionandlanguagelearning.Childrenacquirelanguagethroughasubconsciousprocessduringwhichtheyareunawareofgrammaticalrules.Thisissimilartothewaytheyacquiretheir