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1、AmericanLiterature:Lecture6REALISM(1865-1914)退出AmericanLiterature(I)Autumn2008ObjectivesToenabletheSstogetageneralideaaboutAmericanRealism;ToenabletheSstogetintouchwithsomeimportantrealisticwriters,suchasMarkTwainandHenryJames;ToenabletheSstoknowwhatLocalColorismisandwhotheleadersofLocalColorisma
2、re;ToenabletheSstocomprehendthemajorwritingtechniquesofMarkTwain美国文学TeachingMaterialsMarkTwainTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnHenryJames(1843-1916)DaisyMiller美国文学TeachingMethodologyLecturingText-analysis美国文学Realism---asaliterarytermAtermappliedtoliterarycompositionthataimsataninterpretationoftheact
3、ualitiesofanyaspectoflife,freefromsubjectiveprejudice,idealism,orromanticcolor.Asawayofwriting,realismhasbeenappliedinalmosteveryliteraturethroughouthistory.Asanattitudeofthewritertowardhismaterials,itisrelative,andnochronologicalpointmaybeindicatedasthebeginningofrealism.美国文学I.IntroductionTherea
4、sonsforthecomingofAmericanrealism:TheCivilWarwhichbrokeoutin1861taughtmenthatlifewasnotsogood,manwasnotandGodwasnot.Thewarmarkedachange,inthequalityofAmericanlife,adeterioration,infact,ofAmericanmoralvalues.Itledpeopletoquestiontheassumptions:naturalgoodness,theoptimisticviewofnatureandman,benevo
5、lentGod.Inpost-bellumAmericaincreasingindustrializationandmechanizationofthecountryinfullswingproducedsoonextremesofwealthandpoverty.Wealthandpowerweremoreandmoreconcentratedinthehandsofthefew“captainsofindustry”or“robberbarons”,butlifeforthemillionswasfastbecomingaveritablestruggleforsurvival.退出
6、美国文学Thefrontierwasabouttocloseandthesafetyvalvewasceasingtooperate,areexaminationoflifebegan.Beneaththeglitteringsurfaceofprospectivetherelaysufferingandunhappiness,Disillusionmentandfrustrationwerewidelyfelt.TheageofRomanticismandTranscendentalismwasbyandlargeover.Meanwhileyoungerwritersappeared
7、onthescene,suchasWilliamDeanHowells,HenryJames,MarkTwain,andsoon,whichmeansthecomingofnewliteraryage,Americanrealism.退出MajorFeaturesRealismisthetheoryofwritinginwhichfamiliaraspectsofcontemporarylifeandeverydayscenesar
