物理学专业英语翻译

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1、2.1Introduction(引言)Webeginourstudyofthephysicaluniversebyexaminingobjectsinmotion.Thestudyofmotion.whosemeasurement.morethan400yearsagogavebirthtophysics.iscalledkinematics.Muchofourunderstandingofnaturecomesfromobservingthemotionofobjects.Inthischapterwewilldevelopadescriptionforthemotionofasinglep

2、ointasitmovesthroughspace.Althoughapointisageometricalconceptquitedifferentfromeverydayobjectssuchasfootballsandautomobiles,weshallseethattheactualmot10nofmanyobjectsismosteasilydescribedasthemotionofasinglepoint(the"centerofmass").plustherotationoftheobjectaboutthatpoint.Postponingadiscussionofrota

3、tion.letusbeginhe-rewithadescriptionofasinglepointasitmovesthroughspace.SpaceandtimeKinematicsisconcernedwithtwobasicquestions."Where?"and"When?".Thoughthequestionsaresimple.theanswersarepotentiallyquitecomplicatedifweinquireaboutphenomenaoutsideourordinarydailyexperiences.Forexample.thephysicsofver

4、yhighspeeds,orofeventsinvolvingintergalacticdistancesorsubmicroscopicdimensions.isquitedifferentfromourcommon-senseideas.Wewilldiscussthe…interestingsubjectsinlaterchapters.ForthepresentweshalladoptthespaceandtimeofNewton-thoseconceptswegraduallydevelopedasaresultofoureverydayexperiences.Spaceisassu

5、medtobecontinuouslyuniformandisotropic.Thesetwotermsmeanthatspacehasno'graininess'andthatwhateveritspropertiesmaybe,theyareindependentofanyparticulardirectionorlocation.inthewordsofIsaacNewton.'Absolutespace.initsownnature.withoutrelationtoanythingexternal.remainsalwayssimilarandunmovable."Everyobje

6、ctintheuniverseexistsataparticularlocationinspace.andanobjectmaychangeitslocationLymovingthroughspaceastimegoeson.WespecifytheLocationofaparticularpointinspacebyitsrelationtoaframeofreference.Time,accordingtoNewton,isalsoabsoluteinthesensethatit"flowson"atauniformrate.Wecannotspeedituporslowitdownin

7、anyway.inNewton'swords,"Absolute.true.andmathematicaltime.ofitself.andfromitsownnature.flowsequablywithoutrelationtoanythingexternal.andbyanothernameiscalledduration."Timeisassumedtobecontinuousandeve