中学物理名词汉英对照表

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1、力force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质量mass惯量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque静止atrest相对relative能量energy动能keneticenergy势能potentialenergy功work动量momentum角动量angularmomentum能量守恒energyconservation保守力conservedforce振动vibration振幅amplitude波wave驻波standingwave震荡oscillation相干波co

2、herentwave干涉interference衍射diffraction轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizontal竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersiancoordinatesystem极坐标系polarcoordinatesystem弹簧spring球体sphere环loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder电学磁学：电子electron电荷charge电流current电场e

3、lectricfield电通量electricflux电势electircpotential导体conductor电介质dielectric绝缘体insultalor电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容capacitor无穷infinite横截面crossection匀强电场uniformelectricfield分布distribution磁场magneticfield磁通量magneticflux电感inductance变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波elect

4、omagneticwave平面plane安培Ampere电压Voltage伏特Volt欧姆Ohm变阻器variableresistor并联电路parallelcircuit串联电路seriescircuit超导体superconductor电池cell电灯electriclight电流electriccurrent电流表ampere电压表voltmeter电源powersupply短路shortcircuit断路opencircuit开关switch热学：4热平衡thermalequilibrium理想气体idealga

5、s热能thermalenergy热量heat热值heatvalue热容heatcapacity外界surrounding比热容specificheat准静态过程quasi-staticprocess等体过程isochoricprocess等压过程isobaricprocess等温过程isothermalprocess绝热过程adiabaticprocess循环cycle光学光light光程opticalpath光强度lightintensity偏振polarization波长wavelength传播propagation

6、量子力学原子atomic光子photon光电效应photo-electriceffect物质波matterwave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation功与能杠杆lever功work能energy功率power滑轮pulley定滑轮fixedpulley动滑轮movablepulley焦耳Joule焦耳定律JouleLaw机械功mechanicalwork机械能mechanicalenergy机械效率mechanicalefficiency机械运动mechanicalmotion内能int

7、ernalenergy瓦特Watt用电器electricappliance力学mechanics质点masspoint参考系referenceframe坐标系coordinatesystem路程path位移displacement矢量vector标量scalar速度velocity平均速度averagevelocity瞬时速度instantaneousvelocity速率speed加速度acceleration匀变速运动uniformvariablemotion匀变速直线运动uniformvariablerectilin

8、earmotion初速度initialvelocity自由落体运动free-fallmotion自由落体加速度free-fallacceleration重力加速度gravitationalacceleration力force重力gravity重心centerofgravity万有引力gravitation电磁相互作用