钻井液固控技术

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1、所谓钻井液固相控制，就是指在保存适量有用固相的前提下，尽可能地清除无用固相。通常将钻井液固相控制简称为固控(SolidsControl)。DesirableSolids(有用固相)，如膨润土、加重材料以及非水溶性或油溶性的化学处理剂；DesirableSolids(无用固相)，如钻屑、劣质土和砂粒等。SolidsinDrillingFluidsandParticleSizeDistribution钻井液固相及粒度分布High-densitysolids（高密度固相）:weightingmaterialshavehigherdensity(usually>4.0g/cm3)Low-de

2、nsitysolids（低密度固相）:bentoniteanddrilledsolidshavelowerdensity(usually<2.7g/cm3)Inertsolids（惰性固相）:sand,silt,limestone,feldspar,andAPIbarite.Theydonothydrateorotherwisereactwithothercomponentsofthemud.Activesolids（活性固相）:bentonite按固相粒度分类按照美国石油学会(APl)制订的标准，钻井液中的固相可按其粒度大小分为三大类：(1)粘土(或称胶粒)：粒径<2；(2)泥：粒

3、径2～73；(3)砂(或称API砂):粒径>74.钻井液中固相的粒度分布情况类别外观描述粒径范围／对应目数质量分数/%砂粗中中细>2000250-200074-2503>1060-10200-600.8-20.4-8.72.5-15.2泥细极细44-742-44355-200／11-19.856-70粘土胶粒<2／5.5-6.5重晶石2-74Particlesizedistributionofabentoniteinfreshwater膨润土粒度分布Particlesizedistributionofabentoniteinfreshwater:veryfinecolloidalpa

4、rticles(<2)Particlesizedistributionofabarite重晶石粒度分布按照我国国家标准和API标准，钻井液用重晶石粉的200目筛筛余量均小于3％，即要求至少有97％的重晶石颗粒的粒径在74以下。一般认为，绝大多数重晶石粉颗粒的粒度范围为2-74。(1)小于2的颗粒约占8％；(2)小于30的颗粒约占76％;(3)小于40的颗粒约占83％。ParticlesizedistributionofabariteCuttings岩屑Vs=thecuttingvolumeenteringthemud,m3/h;φ=theaverageformationporosit

5、y,d=thebitdiameter,m,and=thepenetrationrateofthebit,m/h.ParticlesizedistributionofCuttings岩屑粒度分布而钻屑的粒度处于0.05-10000这样一个极宽的范围。在小于1的胶体颗粒和亚微米颗粒中，膨润土所占的体积分数明显超过钻屑，而在大于5的较大颗粒中，则几乎全部是钻屑的颗粒。Particlesizedistributionofashaleinanativemud5.2PurposesandSignificanceofSolidsControl（固相控制的目的和意义）Maintainadequate

6、mudrheologicalandfiltrationproperties.Improvelubricityandreduceabrasivenessandfrictionofmudandmudcake.Reducedrillingtorqueanddrag.Reducefrequencyofdifferentialstickingandloggingtroubles.Reducesurgeandswabpressure.Increasepenetrationrateandprolongbitfootageandlife.Reducewater,bariteandchemicalad

7、ditivesconsumption.Smoothcasingrunningandimprovecementingquality.Obtaingaugeholeandenhanceboreholestability.Reducewearofpumpandequipmentparts.Controlmudweightandmitigateformationdamage.Reducemuddrainageandhaul-off.5.3SolidControlM