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1、ParadiseLostTypeofWorkParadiseLostisanepicpoemwhich—liketheepicpoemsofHomer,Dante,Vergil,andGoethe—tellsastoryaboutmomentouseventswhileincorporatinggrandthemesthataretimelessanduniversal.DateCompletedMiltoncompletedthefirstversionofParadiseLostin1667
2、.Itconsistedof10books.In1668and1669,headdedanintroductorycommentabouttheverseformandaspecialsectionwithsummariesofeachbook.In1674,hepublishedthefinalversionoftheepic,inwhichhedividedBooks7and10intotwobookseach.Thecompletedworkthushad12booksinsteadof1
3、0.Healsoplacedeachsummaryatthebeginningofthebookitsummarized.SourcesMiltonusedtheBible,Homer'sIliadand26Odyssey,Vergil'sAeneid,andthestoriesinGreco-Romanmythologyassourcesofinformationandaswritingmodels.TheBible'sBookofGenesisisthemainsourceforhisret
4、ellingofthestoryofcreationandthefirsthumans,AdamandEve.SettingsThesettingsareheaven,hell,thefirmament(苍穹)(Chaos),andearth.CharactersGodtheFather,GodtheSon:(trinity)Twoofthethreedivinepersonsmakinguptheall-powerfulGodhead,thesingledeity(神性)thatcreated
5、andruledallthatexistsoutsideofitself.Thethirddivineperson,theHolySpirit,doesnotplayaroleinParadiseLost.GodtheFatherisportrayedasjustbutmerciful,condemning(批判)thedefiant(目中无人)andunrepentant(不后悔的)rebelangelsbutpermittingredemptionoftherepentantAdamandE
6、ve.GodtheSonvolunteerstoredeemthemby26becominghumanandenduringsufferinganddeath.Satan(Lucifer,Archfiend):Powerfulandpridefulangelwho,withlegions(众多的)ofsupporters,leadsanunsuccessfulrebellionagainstGodandsufferseternaldamnation.Togainrevenge,hedevises
7、aplantocorruptGod'snewlycreatedbeings,AdamandEve,throughdeceit.Modernreadersoftenadmirehimforhissteelydefiance(藐视).Hewouldratherruleinhell,hesays,thanserveinheaven.ItwasnotMilton'sintent,however,tocreateanadmirablecharacter;ratherhisintentwastocreate
8、acharacterofcolossal(巨大的)hatred—loathsome(令人讨厌的),execrable(恶劣的),incurablyremorseless(冷酷无情的).AdamandEve:Thefirsthumanbeings,createdbyGodtofillthevoid(真空)thatresultedwhenGodcastSatanandhissupportersoutofthecelestialrealm.AdamandEveliveontheplanetearthi