《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比英文pptCh2

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1、Chapter2Paradigms,Theory,AndResearchChapterOutlineIntroductionSomeSocialScienceParadigmsElementsofSocialTheoryTwoLogicalSystemsRevisitedDeductiveTheoryConstructionInductiveTheoryConstructionTheLinksBetweenTheoryandResearchTheoryandResearchTheoryfunctionsthreewaysinresearch:Theoriespreventourbein

2、gtakeninbyflukes.Theoriesmakesenseofobservedpatternsinwaysthatcansuggestotherpossibilities.Theoriescandirectresearchefforts,pointingtowardlikelydiscoveriesthroughempiricalobservation.QuestionWhichofthefollowingdotheoriesseektoprovide?personalexperiencediscoverycorrelationslogicalexplanationsAnsw

3、er:DTheoriesseektoprovidelogicalexplanations.ParadigmsAmodelorframeworkforobservationandunderstanding,whichshapesbothwhatweseeandhowweunderstandit.Theconflictparadigmcausesustoseesocialbehavioroneway,theinteractionistparadigmcausesustoseeitdifferently.Wecanseenewwaysofseeingandexplainingthingswh

4、enwestepoutsideourparadigm.SocialScienceParadigms:MacrotheoryMacrotheorydealswithlarge,aggregateentitiesofsocietyorwholesocieties.Strugglebetweeneconomicclasses,internationalrelationsSocialScienceParadigms:MicrotheoryMicrotheorydealswithissuesatthelevelofindividualsandsmallgroups.Datingbehavior,

5、jurydeliberations,studentfacultyinteractionsSocialScienceParadigms:SocialDarwinismComte’sviewthatsciencewouldreplacereligionandmetaphysicsbybasingknowledgeonobservations.Comtecoinedpositivism,incontrasttowhatheregardedasnegativeelementsintheEnlightenment.SocialScienceParadigms:ConflictMarxsugges

6、tedsocialbehaviorcouldbeseenastheprocessofconflict:Attempttodominateothers.Attempttoavoiddomination.SocialScienceParadigms:SymbolicInteractionismInteractionsrevolvearoundindividualsreachingunderstandingthroughlanguageandothersystems.Canlendinsightsintothenatureofinteractionsinordinarysociallife.

7、SocialScienceParadigms:EthnomethodologyPeoplearecontinuouslytryingtomakesenseofthelifetheyexperience.Onetechniqueistobreaktherulesandviolatepeople’sexpectations.SocialScienceParadigms:StructuralFunctionalismAsocialentity,suc