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1、【TheHistoryofEnglishinTenMinutes】No.1Anglo-SaxonTheHistoryofEnglishinTenMinutes.Chapter1.Anglo-SaxonorwhateverhappentotheJutes.TheEnglishlanguagebeginswiththephrase‘UpYoursCaesar!’astheRomansleaveBritainandalotofGermanictribesstartfloodingin,tribessuchasth
2、eAnglesandtheSaxons–whotogethergaveusthetermAnglo-Saxon,andtheJutes–whodidn’t.TheRomansleftsomeverystraightroadsbehind,butnotmuchoftheirLatinlanguage.TheAnglo-Saxonvocabwasmuchmoreusefulasitwasmainlywordsforsimpleeverydaythingslike‘house’,‘woman’,‘loaf’and
3、‘werewolf’.Fourofourdaysoftheweek-Tuesday,Wednesday,ThursdayandFridaywerenamedinhonourofAnglo-Saxongods,buttheydidn’tbotherwithSaturday,SundayandMondayastheyhadallgoneoffforalongweekend.Whiletheywereaway,Christianmissionariesstoleinbringingwiththemleaflets
4、aboutjumblesalesandmoreLatin.Christianitywasahitwiththelocalsandmadethemmuchhappiertotakeonfunkynewwordslike‘martyr’,‘bishop’and‘font’.AlongcametheVikings,withtheiraction-manwordslike‘drag’,‘ransack’,‘thrust’and‘die’,andaloveofpickledherring.Theymayhaverap
5、edandpillagedbuttherewerealsointo‘give’and‘take’–twoofaround2000wordsthattheygaveEnglish,aswellasthephrase‘watchoutforthatmanwiththeenormousaxe.’【TheHistoryofEnglishinTenMinutes】No.2TheNormanConquestTheHistoryofEnglishinTenMinutes.ChapterTwo,TheNormanConqu
6、estorExcuseMyEnglish.1066.Truetohisname,WilliamtheConquerorinvadesEngland,bringingnewconceptsfromacrossthechannel,liketheFrenchlanguage,theDoomsdayBookandtheduty-freeGalois'smultipack.Frenchwas"derigueur"forallofficialbusiness,withwordslike"judge","jury","
7、evidence"and"justice"cominginandgivingJohnGrisham'scareerakick-start.Latinwasstillused"adnauseam"inchurch,butthecommonmanspokeEnglish,abletocommunicateonlybyspeakingmoreslowlyandloudlyuntiltheothersunderstoodhim.Wordslike"cow","sheep"and"swine"comefromtheE
8、nglish-speakingfarmers.Whilethe"alacarte"versions"beef","mutton"and"pork"comefromtheFrench-speakingtoffs,beginningalong-runningtrendofrestaurantshavingcompletelyindecipherablemenus.Allinall,theEnglishabsorbed
