a theory of memory retrieval

a theory of memory retrieval

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时间:2019-06-27

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1、PsychologicalReviewVOLUME8SNUMBER2MARCH1978ATheoryofMemoryRetrievalRogerRatcliffUniversityofToronto,Ontario,CanadaAtheoryofmemoryretrievalisdevelopedandisshowntoapplyoverarangeofexperimentalparadigms.Accesstomemorytracesisviewedintermsofaresonancemetaphor.Theprobeitemevokest

2、hesearchsetonthebasisofprobe-memoryitemrelatedness,justasaringingtuningforkevokessympa-theticvibrationsinothertuningforks.Evidenceisaccumulatedinparallelfromeachprobe-memoryitemcomparison,andeachcomparisonismodeledbyacontinuousrandomwalkprocess.Initemrecognition,thedecisionp

3、rocessisself-terminatingonmatchingcomparisonsandexhaustiveonnonmatchingcom-parisons.Themathematicalmodelproducespredictionsaboutaccuracy,meanreactiontime,errorlatency,andreactiontimedistributionsthatareingoodaccordwithexperimentaldata.Thetheoryisappliedtofouritemrecognitionp

4、aradigms(Sternberg,prememorizedlist,study-test,andcontinuous)andtospeed-accuracyparadigms;resultsarefoundtoprovideabasisforcomparisonoftheseparadigms.Itisnotedthatneuralnetworkmodelscanbeinterfacedtotheretrievaltheorywithlittledifficultyandthatsemanticmemorymodelsmaybenefitf

5、romsucharetrievalscheme.Atthepresenttime,oneofthemajorandguidedbyphenomena(e.g.,thoseofthedeficienciesincognitivepsychologyisthelackSternbergparadigmandtheBrown-Petersonofexplicittheoriesthatencompassmorethanparadigm).Second,attemptstotheorizeasingleexperimentalparadigm.Thel

6、ackofresultintheconstructionofbinaryoppositionssuchtheoriesandsomeoftheunfortunate(e.g.,serialvs.parallel,storagevs.retrieval,consequenceshavebeendiscussedrecentlybyandsemanticvs.episodic).Thus,anappre-Allport(1975)andNewell(1973).Twoim-ciableportionofresearchincognitivepsyc

7、hol-portantpointsaremadebyNewell:First,ogycanbedescribedastestingbinaryopposi-researchincognitivepsychologyismotivatedtionswithintheframeworkofaparticularexperimentalparadigm.ThisstyleofresearchThisresearchwassupportedbyResearchGrantsdoesnotemphasizeorencouragetheorycon-APA1

8、46fromtheNationalResearchCouncilofstruction;butwithouttheory,itisalmostCana

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