儿童呼吸系统疾病英

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1、RespiratoryDysfunctionAnatomyandPhysiologyoftheChildhoodRespiratorySystemUpperrespiratorytractNosePharynxLarynxEpiglottisLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchiBronchiolesandalveoliTheUpperAirwaydifferences:shorterandnarrow4mm<20mmnosebreatherairwayresistancelooselymucousmembranesandsofttissueThe

2、LowerAirwaydifferences:rightbronchusismorewider,shorter,verticallessalveolarsurfaceareaAnatomyandPhysiologyoftheChildhoodRespiratorySystemPneumoniaDefinitionAninflammationorinfectionofthebronchiolesandalveolarspacesofthelungsPneumoniaIntroductionoccur:ininfantsandyoungchildrenrecovery:childre

3、nsoonerthanadultsexisttype:diseaseorcomplicationseason:latewinterandearlyspringPneumoniaLobarpneumoniaBronchopneumonia(lobularpneumonia)InterstitialpneumoniaPneumoniaclassificationMorphologicalclassificationEtiologicAgentInfectiousvirusbacterialMycoplasma(支原体肺炎)chlamydial（衣原体肺炎）fungipneumocys

4、tis(肺囊虫)NoninfectiousforeignbodyaspirationPneumoniaclassificationCourseAgentAcute<1monthProgressive1-3monthsChronic>3monthsPneumoniaclassificationStateofIllnessMildSeverePneumoniaclassificationtheclinicalmanifestationsofbronchopneumoniaMildbronchopneumoniafever:irregularfevercough:dry,hacking

5、,non-productivetoproductivecoughtachypnea:RR40~80ts/mnasalflaring,sighingrespiration,threedepressionsignsandcyanosisfixedfinemoistralesPneumoniatheclinicalmanifestationsofbronchopneumoniaSeverebronchopneumoniacirculationsystemmanifestationsofmyocarditissignsofheartfailurenervoussystemgastroin

6、testinalChest:X-rayfilmPneumoniaSeverebronchopneumoniaCirculationsystemmyocarditis,congestiveheartfailurepathogensinvadingthemyocardiumandproducetoxintoxicmyocarditishypoxiapulmonaryarteryhypertensionCHFPneumoniamanifestationSeverebronchopneumoniamanifestationsofmyocarditispaletachycardiadimi

7、nishedcardiacsoundandarrhythmiaSTslowingdownTwaveupdownPneumoniamanifestationSeverebronchopneumoniaSignsofheartfailureRestlessobviouscyanosisgreyfacesTachypnea:RR>60ts/mTachycardia:HR>160-180bpmSweatingdyspneacervicalveindistentionoliguriaora