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1、段落(设计好一个段落)一般说来,一个段落由三部分组成:主题句,扩展句和结论句.主题句提出的论述的主题,扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明,结论句总结全文,在论证的基础上得出结论.这三者是段落的必要成分,他们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落.有些段落还有过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡.1.主题句1)主题句的位置:请找出段落的主题句Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherh
2、ealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?AlbertEinstein,oneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists,failedinhisuniversityentranceexamonhisfirstattempt.Wil
3、liamFaulkner,oneofAmerica’sfamouswriters,neverfinishedcollegebecausehecouldnotpasshisEnglishcourses.SirWinstonChurchill,whoisconsideredoneofthemastersoftheEnglishlanguage,wasverypoorinEnglishduringmiddleschool.Thesefewexamplesshowthatschooldoesnotalwayspredictfailureinlife.Karaok,whichwasinvente
4、dbyaJapanese,oneofthegreatestwondersofmoderntechnology.Needlesstosay,Karaokisagoodwayofrest.Youcanlearnanewsongeasily.It’salsoagoodwaytomakeyourfriendshappy.Nearlyeverybodyhasachancetobeasingingstar.However,everythinghastwosides,sodoesKaraok.It’snoisytoyourneighbors.Besides,ifyousingbadly,theywi
5、llfeeluncomfortable.Infact,youaresuretomakeasoundpollution2)写好主题句,有两条原则1.主题句要明确,句中须有一个词,词组,或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重点或观点.例如:Thisparagraphwilltalkaboutbirds.这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切.试比较以下几句,下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题:a.Birdshaveagreatsenseofdirection.b.Petownersprefercertainspeciesofbirds.c.Inmyopinion,abirdmakes
6、abetterpetthanacatdoes.d.Birdsaresufferingfromair-pollution.2.主题句要概括,它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句.他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括.同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展.例如:TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistory.该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展.最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题.例如:a.TheyounggirleagerlystudiedChineseHistory.b.Theyoun
7、ggirlstudiedChineseHistoryunderafamoushistorian.c.TheyounggirlfoundthreereasonsforstudyingChineseHistory.2.下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句.1)_____________________________.Forexampleteacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbyselli
