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1、SCIENCE’SCOMPASS●REVIEWREVIEW:BOTANYCarbonNanotubes—theRouteTowardApplicationsRayH.Baughman,1,2*AnvarA.Zakhidov,1,3WaltA.deHeer4thatofsiliconcarbidenanorods(10).TheManypotentialapplicationshavebeenproposedforcarbonnanotubes,includingchallengeistoachieveth
2、esepropertiesofconductiveandhigh-strengthcomposites;energystorageandenergyconversionindividualSWNTsinnanotubeassembliesdevices;sensors;fieldemissiondisplaysandradiationsources;hydrogenstoragefoundinsheetsandcontinuousfibers.media;andnanometer-sizedsemicond
3、uctordevices,probes,andinterconnects.Someoftheseapplicationsarenowrealizedinproducts.OthersaredemonstratedinearlyNanotubeSynthesisandProcessingtoadvanceddevices,andone,hydrogenstorage,iscloudedbycontroversy.NanotubeSWNTsandMWNTsareusuallymadebycost,polydi
4、spersityinnanotubetype,andlimitationsinprocessingandassemblycarbon-arcdischarge,laserablationofcar-methodsareimportantbarriersforsomeapplicationsofsingle-wallednanotubes.bon,orchemicalvapordeposition(typicallyoncatalyticparticles)(11).Nanotubediame-tersra
5、ngefrom0.4to3nmforSWNTsherearetwomaintypesofcarbonscattering)overlongnanotubelengths,en-andfrom1.4toatleast100nmforTnanotubesthatcanhavehighstructuralablingthemtocarryhighcurrentswithes-MWNTs(6,11).Nanotubepropertiescanperfection.Single-wallednanotubes
6、sentiallynoheating(2,3).Phononsalsothusbetunedbychangingthediameter.Un-(SWNTs)consistofasinglegraphitesheetpropagateeasilyalongthenanotube:Thefortunately,SWNTsarepresentlyproducedseamlesslywrappedintoacylindricaltubemeasuredroomtemperaturethermalconduc-on
7、lyonasmallscaleandareextremelyex-(Fig.1,AtoD).MultiwallednanotubestivityforanindividualMWNT(3000pensive:High-puritysamplescostabout(MWNTs)compriseanarrayofsuchnano-W/mK)isgreaterthanthatofnaturaldia-$750/g,andsamplescontainingsubstantialtubesthatareconc
8、entricallynestedlikeringsmondandthebasalplaneofgraphite(bothamountsofimpuritiescostabout$60/g(12).ofatreetrunk(Fig.1E).2000W/mK)(4).SuperconductivityhasalsoManyresearchershavedependedonproduc-Despitestructuralsimil
