siemann monday talk

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1、BioticinteractionsandtheinvasionsuccessofplantsDr.EvanSiemannDepartmentofEcology&EvolutionaryBiologyRiceUniversityHoustonTXsiemann@rice.eduWhyyoumay(soon)careaboutbiologicalinvasions•Biologicalinvasionsmakegreatstories.•Theyfeatureunusualbioticintera

2、ctionsallowustounderstandtheprocessesthatstructurebiologicalcommunities.•Theyallowustounderstandtheinterplaybetweenshort-termecologicalinteractionsandevolutionaryresponses.•Theycanhavelargeimpactsonecosystemsbyreducingbiodiversityandalteringnutrientc

3、ycles.EuropeanStarlings(Sturnusvulgaris)HenryIV–“HesaidhewouldnotransomMortimer;ForbadmytonguetospeakofMortimer;ButIwillfindhimwhenheliesasleep,AndinhisearI'llholla'Mortimer!'Nay,I'llhaveastarlingshallbetaughttospeakNothingbut'Mortimer,'andgiveithimT

4、okeephisangerstillinmotion.”100pairs1890RedImportedFireAnt(Solenopsisinvicta)firstdescribedintheUSbyE.O.Wilson1930’sshipfromBrazilNutria(Myocastorcoypus)1890ChineseTallowTree(Triadicasebifera)30years“IsendalsoafewseedsoftheChineseTallowTree,whichwill

5、Ibelievegrow&thrivewithyou.'Tisamostusefulplant”1772SavannahGAGRASSLANDINVASIONSChineseTallowTreeinvadedarea30yearsaftermowingstoppednativegrasslandinTexasUSA19691990CommonPattern•Sustainedrapidratesofpopulationgrowth–oftenwithalagafterintroduction•H

6、ighratesofrangeexpansion•Extremelevelsofdominance•oftenresultingindisplacementofnativespecies•andchangesinecosystemcharacteristicsNadditionQuackgrass(Agropyronrepens)EcologicaldisturbancefireBroomsedge(Andropogonvirginicus)BrownTreeSnake(Boigairregul

7、aris)VacantnichesandecologicalnoveltyFeralCat(Felissilvestriscatus)Zebramussel(DreissenapolymorphaBioticInteractions:EcologicalTime•Someplantshavehaveunusuallylowpestloads,unusuallybeneficialmutualisticassociations,and/orunusuallyeffectiveallelochemi

8、calsintheirintroducedranges.•Thisconfersacompetitiveadvantageovernativespecies.•But,otherexoticplantsmayfailtoestablishbecausetheyhavehighpestloads,lowbenefitsfrommutualismsetc.•Moregenerally,thispatternofabroadrangeofinteractionscomparedtonativeplan