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1、SteveJobs,1955–2011:MourningTechnology'sGreatReinventor•SteveJobs,whosedeathwasannouncedWednesdaynight,Oct.5,2011,wasn'tacomputerscientist.Hehadnotrainingasahardwareengineerorindustrialdesigner.ThebusinessesAppleenteredunderhisleadership—frompersonalcomputersto
2、MP3playerstosmartphones—allexistedbeforethecompanygotthere.••Butwithastonishingregularity,Jobsdidsomethingthatfewpeopleaccomplishevenonce:hereinventedentireindustries.Hediditwithonesthatwerenew,likePCs,andhediditwithonesthatwereold,likemusic.Andhispaceonlyaccel
3、eratedovertheyears.•Hewasthemostcelebrated,successfulbusinessexecutiveofhisgeneration,yethefloutedmanybasictenetsofbusinesswisdom.(Likehisheroandsoulmate,PolaroidfounderEdwinLand,herefusedtoconductfocusgroupsorotherresearchthatmighttellhimwhathiscustomerswanted
4、.)Inhismanypublicappearancesastheheadofalargepubliccorporation,herarelysoundedlikeone.HeintroducedthefirstMacintoshbyquotingBobDylan,andhetooktosayingthatApplesat"attheintersectionoftheliberalartsandtechnology."•Jobs'confidenceinthewisdomofhisinstinctscametobei
5、mmense,asdidthehypehecreatedatAppleproductlaunches.Thatmighthavebeenunbearableifitweren'tthecasethathisintuitionwasnearlyflawlessandtheproductsoftenliveduptohisloftyclaims.St.LouisCardinalspitchinggreat"Dizzy"DeancouldhavebeentalkingaboutJobsratherthanhimselfwh
6、enhesaid,"Itain'tbraggingifyoucanbackitup."•Jobs'eventualtriumphwassoabsolute—in2011,Apple'smarketcapitalizationpassedthatofExxonMobil,makingittheplanet'smostvaluablecompany—thatit'seasytoforgethowcheckeredhisreputationoncewas.Overthefirstquarter-centuryofhisca
7、reer,hewasassociatedwithasmanyfailedproductsashits.HavingbeenforcedoutofApplein1985,hewasassociatedwithfailure,period.Evensomeofhisadmirersthoughtofhimasthedreamerwho'dlostthewarforpersonal-computerdominancetoMicrosoft'sindomitableBillGates.•UntiltheiPodera,its
8、eemedentirelypossiblethatJobs'mostlastinglegacymightbetheblockbusteranimatedfeaturesproducedbyPixar,thecompanyhefoundedafteracquiringGeorgeLucas'computer-graphicslabin1986.I
