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《Annals of Physics 154. 229-252 (1984) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics in field theory Transport coefficients》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ANNALSOFPHYSICS154.229-252(1984)NonequilibriumThermodynamicsinFieldTheory:TransportCoefficientsAKIOHOSOYA.MASA-AKISAKAGAMI,ANDMASARUTAKAODepartmentofPhysics,OsakaUnioersity,Toyonaka560.JapanReceivedApril13.1983Transportcoeffkientsareexpressedbyrealtimecorrelationfun
2、ctionsofenergy-momentumtensorinthelinearresponseapproximation.Weestablishfieldtheoreticalmethodtocomputetheminperturbationtheory,whichisdemonstratedin?q’theory.1.INTRODUCTIONQuantumfieldtheoryatfinitetemperatureinitiatedbyMatsubara[1]hasbeendevelopedbymanypeople[2]f
3、ordecades.Besidesitssuccessfulapplicationstosolidstatephysics[3],theapplicabilitymaywellbeextendedtohigh-energy-particle(nucleus)collisions[4]and/ortotheveryearlystageoftheuniverse[5].Sofarmostoftheworkshavefocuseduponthequantitiesinthermalequilibriumsuchastemperatu
4、re-dependenteffectivepotentials[6].Howeverintheapplicationstoparticlephysicsitisevidentlyindispensabletounderstandnonequilibriumprocesses.Forexample,inthehydrodynamicalapproachtohigh-energymultipleproductionofhadrons,thehadronicfluidcannotbeinthermalequilibriuminthe
5、earlystageofhadronizati.on[4].IntheinflationaryscenarioofGUTScosmology[5],ontheotherhand,thethermalrelaxationaftertheexponentialexpansionplayanimportantroletogenerateirregularitiesintheuniverse,whicheventuallyshowupasgalaxies.Tothebestofourknowledge,however,nosystem
6、aticfieldtheoreticalmethodisavailableforcomputationsofnonequilibriumquantitiesliketransportcoefficientsexceptfortherelativisticgeneralizationofkinetictheoryofparticles171.Thekinetictheorysomuchreliesonparticlepicturethatitisnotobvioushowtogeneralizeittotheproblemwhe
7、rethefieldconfigurationitselfisimportant(e.g.,instanton)and/orunphysicalparticleswithindefinitemetricappear.Inthispaperasafirststepwearegoingtodevelopaformalismwhichenablesustocalculatl:transportcoefficients(shearviscosity,thermalconductivity,andbulkviscosity)inquan
8、tumfieldtheory.WewouldliketofirstreviewZubarev’smethodofnonequilibriumstatisticaloperator[8](Section2)inaself-containedwaywhichmaybehelpfu
