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1、HermanMelvillewasanAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayist,andpoet.HewasborninAugust1,1819intheUnitedStatesofNewYork.HeisbestknownforhisnovelMoby-Dick.BritishauthorMaughamarguesthatMelville's"Moby-Dick"isthetenlargestintheworldliteratureclassics.Melvilleisalsoknownasthe"Shakespeare
2、oftheUnitedStates".EarlylifeHispaththroughlifewashard.HewasbornintoanAmericanmerchantfamily.HisgrandfatherhadtakenpartintheAmericanWarofIndependenceandhadacertaineffectinthecommunity.ButHisfather'sbankruptcyledhimabadlife.Whenhewas12yearsold,hisfatherwasdied.Threeyearslaterhehadtodrop
3、outofschool.Becauseafamilycircumstancewasworsehehadtoseekajobtosupporthimselfandhisfamily.Heworkedasafarmer,staff,teachers,seaman,Navy.Hehadtastedthesweetsandbittersoflife.TravelsinthePacific(1841-1845)In1841,hebecameaseamanonthewhalingship.Inthenext4years,hewenttomanyplacesintheworld
4、withthewhalingship,greatlywidenedhorizon.Notonlythat,heandtheotherpartnersonthewhalingship,withthecaptain’sautocraticbehaviortodoastruggle.Becauseworkedforriotandotherreasonshewasimprisoned.HehadwanderedtoTahitiIslandandMarkIslandinTexas,ataman-eatingcustomtribelivedforaperiodoftime.L
5、ater,hejoinedtheAmericanwarship"American",until1844whenhelandedinBoston,endinghisownlifeatsea.Theseexperiencesprovidearichsourcematerialforhiswriting.RetiringfromthearmyIn1845,heleftthearmyandreturnedtoAmerican,startedhiswritinglife.ThefirstnovelTypeeisbasedonhisSouthPacific'slife.Ash
6、isprofessionalfortuneswaned,hehaddifficultiesathome.HediedathishomeinNewYorkCityearlyonthemorningofSeptember28,1891,atage72.Thedoctorlisted"cardiacdilation"onthedeathcertificate.Hisfirstthreebooksgainedmuchcontemporaryattentionbutafterafast-bloomingliterarysuccessinthelate1840s,hispop
7、ularitydeclinedprecipitouslyinthemid-1850sandneverrecoveredduringhislifetime.Whenhediedin1891,hewasalmostcompletelyforgotten.Itwasnotuntilthe"MelvilleRevival"intheearly20thcenturythathisworkwonrecognition,especially Moby-Dick,whichwashailedasoneoftheliterarymasterpiecesofbothAmericana
8、ndwor
