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1、外国语学院商务英语1101袁小丽2011012406BritishTraditionalFestivals1.Halloween1.1HistoryofHalloweenHalloweenisaholidaycelebratedonthenightofOctober31.ThewordHalloweenisashorteningofAllHallows'EveningalsoknownasHalloweenorAllHallows'Eve.Traditionalactivitiesincludetrick-or-treating,bon
2、fires,andcostumeparties,visiting"hauntedhouses"andcarvingjack-o-lanterns.IrishandScottishimmigrantscarriedversionsofthetraditiontoNorthAmericainthenineteenthcentury.OtherwesterncountriesembracedtheholidayinthelatetwentiethcenturyincludingIreland,theUnitedStates,Canada,Pu
3、ertoRicoandtheUnitedKingdom.Trick-or-treating,isanactivityforchildrenonoraroundHalloweeninwhichtheyproceedfromhousetohouseincostumes,askingfortreatssuchasconfectionerywiththequestion,"Trickortreat?"The"trick"partof"trickortreat"isathreattoplayatrickonthehomeownerorhispro
4、pertyifnotreatisgiven.Trick-or-treatingisoneofthemaintraditionsofHalloween.Ithasbecomesociallyexpectedthatifonelivesinaneighborhoodwithchildrenoneshouldpurchasetreatsinpreparationfortrick-or-treaters.ThehistoryofHalloweenhasevolved.TheactivityispopularintheUnitedStates,t
5、heUnitedKingdom,Ireland,Canada,andduetoincreasedAmericanculturalinfluenceinrecentyears,importedthroughexposuretoUStelevisionandothermedia,trick-or-treatinghasstartedtooccuramongchildreninmanypartsofEurope,andintheSaudiAramcocampsofDhahran,AkariacompoundsandRasTanurainSau
6、diArabia.ThemostsignificantgrowthandresistanceisintheUnitedKingdom,wherethepolicehavethreatenedtoprosecuteparentswhoallowtheirchildrentocarryoutthe"trick"element.IncontinentalEurope,wherethecommerce-drivenimportationofHalloweenisseenwithmoreskepticism,numerousdestructive
7、orillegal"tricks"andpolicewarningshavefurtherraisedsuspicionaboutthisgameandHalloweeningeneral.InOhio,Iowa,andMassachusetts,thenightdesignatedforTrick-or-treatingisoftenreferredtoasBeggarsNight.1.2HalloweenSuperstitions(迷信)Halloweenhasalwaysbeenaholidayfilledwithmystery,
8、magicandsuperstition.ItbeganasaCelticend-of-summerfestivalduringwhichpeoplefeltespeciallyclosetodecease
