Chapter 10 Language Acquisition

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1、Chapter10LanguageAcquisitionLanguageacquisitionreferstothechild’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,i.e.howthechildcomestounderstandandspeakthelanguageofhiscommunity.TheoriesofchildlanguageacquisitionAbehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition行为主义论§Habit-forming

2、–Imitation,practiceàpreliminary–Discrimination,generalizationàkeytolanguagedevelopment§BurrhusFrederickSkinner(1904-1990)–Americanpsychologist.Aleadingbehaviorist,Skinnerinfluencedthefieldsofpsychologyandeducationwithhistheoriesofstimulus-responsebeh

3、avior.HisbooksincludeWaldenTwo(1961)andBeyondFreedomandDignity(1971).§OnlysomeregularandroutineaspectsoflanguageAninnatistviewoflanguageacquisition语言天赋论§NoamChomsky:biologicallyprogrammed§LanguageAcquisitionDeviceàLAD–Principlesbeactivatedbytheaccess

4、tonaturallanguagesamplesàUniversalGrammar(UG)–Onelanguage:particularuseoftheprinciples§Logicalproblem:–childrencandiscovertheunderlyingruleswithconfusinginformationandwithoutguidanceandcorrection–Aninteractionistviewoflanguageacquisition身心交感论§Thecomp

5、lexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.§Specialspeech:motherese,childdirectedspeech,caretakertalk.§Comprehensiblelanguagesamples:rightlevelconversationcanfacilitateFLA§Inadditiontothe“motherese”or“ca

6、retakertalk”,parentsprovidechildrenwithdirectlinguistictrainingbycorrectingill-formedutterances,i.e.tooffer“feedback”and“recasts”.§Suchrecastsprovidethechildrenwithpotentiallyusefulinformation–addingamissingverb,changingtheformofapronounandsoon.语言习得语

7、言学中指儿童如何掌握本族语的过程。这问题涉及语言是天生就有的，还是后天获得的。行为主义心理学认为语言习得过程就是刺激和强化的过程，主张后天说。认知心理学认为语语言能力是天生的，主张先天说。先天说的代表任务乔姆斯基认为有如下特点：（1）儿童生来就有特殊的语言能力；（2）儿童无需教语言，也无需改正他们的言语错误；（3）他们通过接触语言学语言；（4）他们的语言规则是无意识发展起来的。语言习得研究一般从出生后开始，按年龄或月龄分“习得阶段”，并就每一阶段探讨儿童获得语言技能之途径及方式。Language

8、environmentinthethreeviews.§TheBehaviorist:modelandfeedback.§TheInnatist:stimulustoactivateUG.§TheInteractionist:modifiedandadjustedsamples.CognitivedevelopmentinchildlanguagedevelopmentItseemsthatchildren’scognitivedevelopmentcloselyrelatestotheirla