《疫器官与组织》PPT课件

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1、免疫学（MedicalImmunology）南通大学医学院免疫学与微生物教研室(Departmentofimmunologyandmicrobiology))HelpfulHintsThink,ratherthanmemorizeAskquestionsDon’twaituntilthelastminutetostudyfortheexam基本概念免疫(immunity)—机体识别自我和非我物质，排斥抗原性异物，以维持自身稳定的生物功能。免疫学：即是研究免疫系统结构与功能的科学。经历了经验时期（公元11世纪）、科学免疫学时期（19世纪中

2、叶）、和现代免疫学时期（20世纪70年代后期）。ImmunityResistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.Theterm“immunity”isderivedfromtheGreekword“immunis”meaningexempt.Therearetwotypesofimmunityinvertebrates.Innateimmunity–presentfrombirth.Acquiredimmunity–resultofinfectionorvaccination.ImmunologyImmuno

3、logyisthestudyofthewaysinwhichthebodydefendsitselffrominfectiousagentsandotherforeignsubstancesinitsenvironment.immuneresponse（免疫应答）Recognition(识别)Treatment（处理）Elimination（清除）Recoverthebalance（恢复平衡）Innate（固有性免疫应答）Adaptive（适应性免疫应答）INNATEIMMUNITYWhenyouwereborn,youbroughtw

4、ithyouseveralmechanismstopreventillness.Thistypeofimmunityisalsocallednonspecificimmunity.Adaptiveimmunity(antigen-specific)Receptor-drivenPre-existingclonesprogrammedtomakeaspecificimmuneresponse(humoral/cellular)Cellsoftheadaptiveimmunesystem:Dendriticcells,TandBlympho

5、cytes,Lymphocytesaregeneratedwithuniqueantigenreceptorsontheirsurface.Dendriticcells(andmacrophages)presentantigentolymphocytesandprovideactivatingsignalsLymphocytesundergoclonalexpansionandmigratebacktoareaofinfectionaseffectorcells.Tcytotoxiccellsselectivelykillvirally

6、infectedcellsThelpercellsselectivelyhelpBcellsproducelargeamountsofhighaffinityspecificantibody.Afterinfection,memorylymphocytesprovideprotectiveimmunityTheAntigen-PresentingCell(APC)•Manyshortfragments(peptides,carbohydrates)fromtheseantigensarethenboundtomajorhistocomp

7、atibilitycomplex(MHC)moleculesandincorporatedintothecellmembrane.•Iftheantigenisofexogenousorigin,thatis,itcamefromoutsidethebody,itwillbindtoclassIIMHCmolecules:--MHCclassIIarefoundinAPC's.•Iftheantigenisofendogenousorigin,thatis,itwasproducedfrominsidetheinfectedcell,i

8、twillbindreadilytoclassIMHCmoleculesandmovetothecellmembraneoftheinfectedcell.--MHCclassIarefoundinvirt