资源描述：
《3-Using Evolutionary Strategies to Investigate the Structure and Function of Chorismate Mutases》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、DirectedMolecularEvolutionofProteins:orHowtoImproveEnzymesforBiocatalysis.EditedbySusanneBrakmannandKaiJohnssonCopyrightã2002Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaAISBNs:3-527-30423-1(Hardback);3-527-60064-7(Electronic)3UsingEvolutionaryStrategiestoInvestigatetheStructure1)andFunct
2、ionofChorismateMutasesDonaldHilvert,SeanV.Taylor,andPeterKast3.1IntroductionEvolutionistheslowandcontinualprocessbywhichalllivingspeciesdiversifyandbecomemorecomplex.Throughrecursivecyclesofmutation,selectionandamplifi-cation,newtraitsaccumulateinapopulationoforganisms[
3、1].Thosethatprovideanadvantageunderprevailingenvironmentalconditionsarepassedfromonegenerationtothenext.Sinceancienttimes,manhasexploitedevolutioninadirectedwaytoproduceplantsandanimalswithusefulcharacteristics.Crossbreedingindividualswithfavorabletraitssuccessfullyharn
4、essessexualrecombination,oneofthemostpowerfulevolutionarystrategiestogeneratenewvariants.Fromthesecrossings,pro-genywithimprovedfeaturesarechosenforadditionalbreedingcycles,thuschannel-ingthecourseofdevelopment.Biologistsandchemistshaverecentlybeguntouseevolutionarystra
5、tegiestostudyandtailorthepropertiesofindividualmoleculesratherthanwholeorganisms.Anarrayofmethodshasbeendevelopedtogeneratediversityinpopulationsofmole-cules.Dependingontheexperiment,mutagenesismightentaildegenerateoligonu-cleotide-directedorerror-proneDNAsynthesis[2,3]
6、,shufflingofmutantDNAfrag-ments[4,5],orcombinatorialsynthesesofchemicalcompoundlibraries[6].Fromtheresultingmolecularensembles,desirablemembersmustbeidentifiedbyselectionorscreeningprocedures.Intheamplificationstep,theself-replicatingpropertiesoftheevolvingmoleculescanb
7、eexploited(e.g.PCRamplificationofnucleicacids).Alter-natively,moreofthedesiredcompoundcanbepreparedbylarge-scalechemicalsynth-esis.Inpractice,thesortingstepisthemostcriticalpartofanylaboratoryevolutionex-periment.Howcanrarebutusefulvariantsbeefficientlyisolatedfromcompl
8、exmix-1)ThisarticlewasadaptedfromareviewthatappearedinAngew.Chem.2001,113,3408±3436;Angew.ChemIntl.Ed.2001,40,
