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1、WorldDevelopmentVol.36,No.11,pp.2170–2187,2008Ó2008ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved0305-750X/$-seefrontmatterwww.elsevier.com/locate/worlddevdoi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.11.003Rural–UrbanPovertyDifferencesinTransitionCountriesKARENMACOURSSAIS-JohnsHopkinsUnivers
2、ity,Washington,DC,USAand*JOHANF.M.SWINNENK.U.Leuven,BelgiumSummary.—Thispaperusesnewpovertydatabasedonhouseholdlevelsurveystoanalyzechangesinruralpovertyandrural–urbanpovertydifferencesin23transitioncountriesofCentralandEasternEuropeandtheformerSovietUnion.T
3、hepaperpresentsaseriesofhypothesestoex-plaindifferencesacrosscountriesandchangesovertime.Ó2008ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords—transition,rural,poverty,EasternEurope,formerSovietUnion1.INTRODUCTIONparativeanalysisthatallowsbroadeningourunderstandingoft
4、heeffectsoftransitiononMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthetransitionruralpoverty.Moreover,whiletheadverseprocessthatoccurredintheformercentrallyeffectsoftransitiononhealthandsocialindica-plannedeconomiesofCentralandEasterntorshavereceivedconsiderableattention(seeEurop
5、eandtheformerSovietUnion.Theeco-e.g.,Brainerd&Cutler,2005;Jensen&Richter,nomiccollapse,privatizationandthetransfor-2004),littleisknownaboutthedifferencesbe-mationprocessesinindustryandservices,thetweenruralandurbanareas,andtherelation-effectsofEUaccession,and
6、thepost-1998shipofthesefactorswithincomepoverty.recovery,allhavereceivedconsiderableatten-Thisgapinattentionisstrikingfortworea-tion(e.g.,Blanchard,1997;Roland,2000;sons.First,alargeshareofthepopulationinSvejnar,2002).Arelativelylargeliteraturehastransition
7、countrieslivesandworksinruralalsoemergedonthechangesandtransforma-areasandtheshareislargestinthepooresttionoftheagriculturalsectorandtheirconse-countries.Forexample,inCentralAsiaandquencesforoutputandproductivity(seeRozelle&Swinnen(2004)forasurveyofthislite
8、rature).Interestinglyhowever,littleisknownabout*TheauthorsgratefullyacknowledgetheWorldBankhowallthesechangeshaveaffectedwelfare,foraccesstothedata.Anearlierversionofthispaperandinparticularpoverty,inru
