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1、BuildingaCloudforYahoo!BrianF.Cooper,EricBaldeschwieler,RodrigoFonseca,JamesJ.Kistler,P.P.S.Narayan,ChuckNeerdaels,TobyNegrin,RaghuRamakrishnan,AdamSilberstein,UtkarshSrivastava,andRaymieStataYahoo!Inc.AbstractYahoo!isbuildingasetofscalable,highly-availab
2、ledatastorageandprocessingservices,andde-ployingtheminacloudmodeltomakeapplicationdevelopmentandongoingmaintenancesignificantlyeasier.Inthispaperwediscussthevisionandrequirements,aswellasthecomponentsthatwillgointothecloud.Wehighlightthechallengesandresear
3、chquestionsthatarisefromtryingtobuildacom-prehensiveweb-scalecloudinfrastructure,emphasizingdatastorageandprocessingcapabilities.(TheYahoo!cloudinfrastructurealsoincludescomponentsforprovisioning,virtualization,andedgecontentdelivery,buttheseaspectsareonl
4、ybrieflytouchedon.)1IntroductionEverymonth,overhalfabilliondifferentpeoplechecktheiremail,postphotos,chatwiththeirfriends,anddoamyriadotherthingsonYahoo!sites.Weareconstantlyinnovatingbyevolvingthesesitesandbuildingnewwebsites,andevensitesthatstartsmallmay
5、quicklybecomeverypopular.Inadditiontothewebsitesthemselves,Yahoo!hasbuiltservices(suchasplatformsforsocialnetworking)thatcutacrossapplications.Siteshavetypicallysolvedproblemssuchasscaling,datapartitioningandreplication,dataconsistency,andhardwareprovisio
6、ningindividually.Inthecloudservicesmodel,allYahoo!offeringsshouldbebuiltontopofcloudservices,andonlythosewhobuildandruncloudservicesdealdirectlywithmachines.Inmovingtoacloudservicesmodel,weareoptimizingforhumanproductivity(acrossdevelopment,qualityassuran
7、ce,andoperations):itshouldtakebutafewpeopletobuildandrapidlyevolveaWeb-scaleapplicationontopofthesuiteofhorizontalcloudservices.Intheend-state,thebulkofoureffortshouldbeonrapidlydevelopingapplicationlogic;theheavy-liftingofscalingandhigh-availabilityshoul
8、dbedoneinthecloudserviceslayer,ratherthanattheapplicationlayer,asisdonetoday.Observethatwhiletherearesomeparallelswiththegainstobehadbybuildingandre-usingcommonsoftwareplatforms,thecloudservicesapproachgoesanimporta
