英国的政治制度ppt

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1、BritishPoliticalSystemMonarchyParliamentGovernmentCabinetPoliticalPartiesGeneralElectionConstitutionalMonarchyTheKingorQueenisthepersonificationoftheState.Anold-fashionedgovernmentOnthebasisofconstitutionalmonarchyHeadofstate:thekingorqueenInpractice:theSovereignr

2、eigns,butdoesnotrule.I.ABriefIntroductionThepresentSovereign:QueenElizabethIIsince19523.PrinceCharlesistheheirtothethrone.PrinceWilliamArthurPhilipLouisWindsorandPrinceWilliamTheRoyalFamilyGiveseffectstoalllawsastheheadoftheexecutivebranchofthegovernmentMaypardonc

3、riminaloffencesandcancelpunishmentsThecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesandthetemporalheadoftheChurchofEnglandThePoweroftheQueen4.Confersalltitlesofrank,andappointsjudges,armyofficers,governors,bishopsanddiplomats5.Concludestreaties,declareswar,andmakespeacewithot

4、hernationsTheImportanceofMonarchy1.Effectsonpublicattitude3.Asymbolofnationalunity4.Preservesthehumanrightsandproperty2.RepresentsthepoliticalcontinuityandadaptabilityTheRoyalDutiesVisitsmanypartsofBritainPaysstatevisitstoforeigncountriesToursotherCommon-wealthcou

5、ntriesTheConstitutionBritaindoesn’thaveaconstitutionwrittendowninasingledocument.Theconstitutionflowsfrom(出自，来自)6sources:1)TheRoyalPrerogatives皇家特权2)*StatuteLaws成文法3)*CommonLaws普通法,判例法4)*Conventions习惯法5)AuthoritativeOpinions权威意见6)EuropeanUnionLaws欧盟法IsraelandBrita

6、inaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.英国宪法不是一个具体的法律文本，但实际上其大部分内容还是以成文法的形式出现的，包括由议会通过的法例、法院的判例和国际公约等等。除此之外，英国宪法的法律渊源还包括英国议会惯例和国王特权。Parliamentconsistsof3constituentparts:theymustallagreetopassanygivenlegislationCrown(OfficialHead)HouseofLords(theUpperH

7、ouse)HouseofCommons(theLowerHouse)ParliamentUK:aunitarystateTheParliamentatWestminster(London)In1999,ScotlandandWaleshadtheirownparliamentsIn2007,NorthernIrelandsetupitsparliamentUKseemstobemovingtowardfederalism.Legislature(立法机关)=ParliamentParliamentisthehighestl

8、egislativeauthorityintheUK–theinstitutionresponsibleformakingandrepealing(废止)alltheUKlaws.It’salsoknownastheLegislature.Function:MakealltheUKlaws;Scruti