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1、SomekeypointsofEnglishgrammarDearstudents,Englishgrammarcanbeverycomplex,andnooneisfamiliarwith'everythingthatmaybeacceptable'.Itis,however,verywellpossiblefornon-nativespeakersofEnglishtomasterbasicstructures.Belowyouwillfindalistofitemswhichare'essential'andasurveyofcommonirregularverbswhich
2、youshouldfamiliarizeyourselfwithbeforeyoutakethetest"GrammatischeGrundkenntnisse".Theselectionofthematerialislargelybasedonpointsyoumayfinddifficult.Thelistmakesnoclaimtobeexhaustive.Thisisnotasubstituteforgrammarbooks,whichshouldbeworkedthroughinaddition,egEastwood,J.(2000).OxfordPracticeGram
3、mar(withanswers).Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,Murphy,R.(1994).EnglishGrammarinUse(withanswers).Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.NB:InformalwrittenEnglishcontractedformsareusuallyavoided.Inthissurveytheshorterformsprevail.VERBGROUPQuestions(Eastwood:units34,36-39,41,tests8&9,Murphy:units48-49
4、)Doyouknowhim?Didyouaskher?(pasttensein'did',notin'ask')Whosawyou?(subjectquestion)Werhatdichgesehen?Whodidyousee?Wenhastdugesehen?Whatareyoulookingat?Idon’tknowwhereheis.(indirectquestion)Questiontags(basicpatterns)(Eastwood:42,Murphy:51)Sheloveshim,doesn'tshe?Shedoesn'tlovehim,doesshe?Youhav
5、en'tseenher,haveyou?Theyhadbreakfastat8o©clockd,idn'tthey?(©have©issometimesafullverb)Shortreplies(Eastwood:43,Murphy:50)A:Iwentthereyesterday. B:SodidI.Ididtoo.A:I'vereadtwobooksbyTomSharpe.B:SohaveI.A:Ididn'tgothereyesterday.B:Neither/NordidI.Ididn'teither.Tenses/Aspect(Eastwood:8-17,tests2&
6、3,Murphy:7-14)Pasttenseifthereisatimegap,irrespectiveofwhatmaybesaidinGerman.Ichhabeihngestern/voreinerMinute/letztesJahr/1999gesehen.Isawhimyesterday/aminuteago/lastyear/in1999.forandpasttenseIchhabezweiJahrehiergewohnt.Ilivedherefortwoyears.(Idon'tlivehereanymore.)Pre-presenttenseifthereisno
7、timegap.I'vejustseenhim.Ihaven'tseenhimyet.Pre-presenttensewithsinceforsomethingthatbeganinthepastandisstillgoingon.Don'tbemisledbythetenseintheGermansentence.Ichwohnehierseit1998...I'velived/beenlivingheresince1998/sinceMarch/sinceChri
