[经济学]九型人格刘向明

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1、九型人格Enneagram——从“心”开始认识自我目录12345第一章什么是人格第二章什么是九型人格第三章九型人格详解第四章人格与能力第五章自我提高2外显差异的综合PersonalityThesumtotalofthebehaviouralandmentalcharacteristicsthataredistinctiveofanindividual.TheOxfordDictionaryofPsychology3TheLexicalHypothesis词汇学假设SirFrancisGalton(1822-1911)Mostsalientandsociallyrelevantp

2、ersonalitydifferencesinpeople’sliveswilleventuallybecomeencodedintolanguage.Thehypothesisfurthersuggeststhatbysamplinglanguage,itispossibletoderiveacomprehensivetaxonomyofhumanpersonalitytraits.分析词汇获得人格特质分类4Traittheory’sevolutionGordonW.Allport(1897-1967)andH.S.Odbertputthishypothesisintopra

3、cticein1936.美国心理学家奥波特1936年开始分析词汇In1940s,RaymondCattell(1905-1998)pickedoutsixteentraitsasmajorpersonalityfactors40年代卡特尔选择16种特质为人格因素Ina1980symposiuminHonolulu,fourprominentresearchers,LewisGoldberg,NaomiTakemoto-Chock,AndrewComrey,andJohnM.Digman,reviewedtheavailablepersonalitytestsoftheday.L

4、ewisGoldberglatercoinedtheterm"BigFive"asalabelforthefactors.1980年，戈德伯格提出“大五”GordonAllportRaymondCattell5OCEANBigFive尽责性Conscientiousness外倾性Extraversion宜人性Agreeableness神经质Neuroticism开放性Opennesstoexperience6Criticism对特质论的批评PersonalityandAssessment,1968personalitytestscouldnotpredictbehaviorwi

5、thacorrelationofmorethan0.3.基于人格测试的行为预测，相关性低于0.3。WalterMischel(bornin1930,Vienna,Austria)ColumbiaUniversitySocialpsychologistsarguedthatattitudesandbehaviorwerenotstable,butvariedwiththesituation.Predictingbehaviorbypersonalitytestswasconsideredtobeimpossible.In2007,electedpresidentoftheAsso

6、ciationforPsychologicalScience.recipientofthe2011GrawemeyerAwardinPsychology7维度特性的综合PersonalityPersonalityistheparticularcombinationofemotional,attitudinal,andbehavioralresponsepatternsofanindividual._____Wikipedia8人格维度人际情绪精神思维行为宜人性神经质外倾性开放性尽责性9最近研究2013.01.03AmericanPsychologist"HowUniversal

7、IstheBigFive?TestingtheFive-FactorModelofPersonalityVariationAmongForager-FarmersintheBolivianAmazon,"MichaelGurven,PhD,ChristophervonRueden,PhD,andMaximMassenkoff,PhD,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara;HillardKaplan,PhD,UniversityofNewMexico;andM