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ID:40047093
大小:1.69 MB
页数:28页
时间:2019-07-18
《A theory of ethnic group boundaries》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、NationsandNationalism2(2),1996,281-307.0ASEN1996AtheoryofethnicgroupboundariesSUN-KICHAIDepartmentofSociology,UniversityofArizona,Tucson,AZ85721ABSTRACT.Despitewidespreadagreementthatethnicboundariesaremalleableratherthanfixed,theoriesofethnicityandcollectiveacti
2、onhavebeenunabletoadequatelyexplainwhyindividualschoosetomobilisecollectivelywithinparticularboundariesratherthanothers.Theboundariesofgroupsengaginginethniccollectiveactionarealwaystakenforgrantedatsomelevelratherthanproblematised.Thisleadstoanundesirablereifica
3、tionofethnicgroupsasactors.Thetheorypresentedinthisarticleintegratesasocialpsychologicalviewofmotivationwitharationalchoiceviewofactiontoprovideasystematicwayofpredictingtheboundarylocationofethnicgroupsthatbegintomobiliseinsocietiesundergoingmodemisingstructural
4、change.Itfirstfocusesonthelinkbetweencooperationandaltruisminsmallcommunities.Itthenpredictshowaltruisticpreferences,inconjunctionwithstructuralfactorsandrationalbehaviour,willgenerateboundariesforlarger-scaleethniccollectiveactionthattranscendsyetincorporatessuc
5、hcommunities.Thetheory’spredictionsarethenappliedtoexplainthelocationofgroupboundariesinfourveryprominentcasesofethnicity‘creation’andcollectiveactioninthiscentury.TheissueofethnicboundariesisonethathasoccupiedsocialscientistsatleastsinceBarth’s(1969)seminalwork.
6、Sincethen,along-standingdebatehascontinuedovertheextenttowhichethnicboundariesare‘primordial’(tiedtoascriptivecharacteristics)or‘circumstantial’(determinedbyeconomicandpoliticalstructure).’However,muchofrecentwritingcorrectlyrecognisesthatbothtypesoffactorsaresig
7、nificant:somesortofascriptivecommonalityisafterallnecessaryforagrouptobeethnicinanymeaningfulsense,butthesalienceandlevelofinclusivenessofdifferentascriptivecharacteristicsindeterminingethnicboundariesvariesaccordingtodifferencesincircumstance.2However,thisgrowin
8、gconsensushasnotbroughttheoristsanyclosertounderstandingtheprecisemannerinwhichprimordialandcircumstantialfactorsinteracttodeterminetheboundariesofethnicgroups
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