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1、jocp_1605567..587wolfgangbehrROLEOFLANGUAGEINEARLYCHINESECONSTRUCTIONSOFETHNICIDENTITYDespiteHegel’swidelyinfluentialclassificationofChinaaslying“outsidetheWorld’sHistory,”anempire,where“everychangeisexcluded,andthefixednessofacharacter(dasStatarische)whichrecur
2、sperpetually,takestheplaceofwhatweshouldcalltrulyhis-12torical,”theterritoriesthatweanachronisticallycall“China,”lookingbackfromtheconvenientvantagepointoftheQinunificationin221bce,musthavehadprolificcontactswithneighboringareaseversincetheearlybronzeage.Inrece
3、ntyears,thesecontactsarebecomingincreasinglytangiblethroughthestudyofhistoricalpopu-3lationgeneticsandrapidlyemergingnewarchaeologicaldatarelated4tolong-distanceoverlandtransferofprestigegoods,whilephilologi-calresearchintotheobliquereflexesofsino–xeniccontact
4、sintheearlyChineseeditedliteratureuncoversmoreandmoredetailas5well.I.TheLinguisticSituationattheEveoftheQinUnificationofChinaInprinciple,instancesoflinguisticcontactinprehistory,drivenbyconvergenceinaparticulargeographicalarea,maybereconstructedthroughtheanal
5、ysisofloanwords,calques,ormorphosyntacticanomaliesemergingfromsubstrateinfluences.Thedemonstrationoflinguisticdescent,ontheotherhand,characterizedbydivergencefromacommonancestor,typicallyreliesupontheestablishmentofregularsoundcorrespondencesbetweensemanticall
6、yrelatedlexemes,the6comparisonofbundlesofsynchronicsurfacestructurehomologies,orthestudyofrare,mutuallyindependent,buthighlygrammatical-7izedpropertiesindifferentlanguages.Giventheextralinguisticbackgroundsketchedabove,itislittlewonder,then,thatstudiesof8loan
7、words,includingtoponomasticdata,increasinglyshowthattheWOLFGANGBEHR,AssociateProfessor,EastAsiaSeminar,UniversityofZurich.Specialties:oldChinesephonology,Sino-Tibetanlinguistics,culturalhistoryofChinesephilologyandgrammatology.E-mail:wolfgang.behr@oas.uzh.chJ
8、ournalofChinesePhilosophy37:4(December2010)567–587©2010JournalofChinesePhilosophy568wolfgangbehrearlyChineselanguagemusthavehadlinguisticcontactswithadozenofgenealogicallyunrelatedlanguag
