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1、ARTICLEINPRESSTransportPolicy14(2007)490–506www.elsevier.com/locate/tranpolEntrycontrolsintaxiregulation:ImplicationsofUSandCanadianexperiencefortaxiregulationandderegulationBruceSchallerSchallerConsulting,94WindsorPlace,Brooklyn,NY11215,USAAvailableonline27June2007AbstractThispaperasses
2、sestheeffectsofentryregulationandderegulationontaxicabavailabilityandservicequalitybasedontheexperiencesof43citiesandcountiesintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Theanalysisshowsthatentrycontrolshavequitedifferentimpactsinthetwobasicmarketsservedbytaxicabs:thetelephoneorder(dispatch)marketandthecab
3、stand/streethailmarket.Withoutentrycontrols,thecabstandandstreethailmarketexperiencesanoversupplyofcabs,leadingtodeteriorationofvehicleanddriverquality.Appliedtothedispatchmarket,however,entryrestrictionsoftenleadtodeficienciesintaxicabavailability.Thepaperreviewstheeffectivenessofregulato
4、ryapproachesforeachmarketandforcitieswithsubstantialtripvolumesinbothmarkets.Approachesincludetwo-tiersystems,flexibleformsofentrycontrol,company-levelentryqualifications,geographicrestrictionsandservicerequirements.Theseapproachesandimplicationsforregulationarediscussed.r2007ElsevierLtd.Al
5、lrightsreserved.Keywords:Regulation;Deregulation;Taxicab;Transportationpolicy;Entryrestrictions;Entrycontrols1.IntroductionInsteadoforinadditiontonumericalcontrols,entrymayberegulatedthroughqualitystandardssuchasLondon’sInthewakeofderegulationoftransportationindustries‘‘Knowledge’’testfor
6、blackcabdrivers.rangingfromtruckingtoairlines,taxicabsareamongtheEntrycontrolsareafertileareaofpolicychangeandmostextensivelyregulatedtransportationmodes.Regula-innovation.DeregulationhasbeenadoptedinEuropeattionofentryintothetaxiindustryisatthecoreoftaxiboththecityandnationallevels(Bekke
7、n,2003)andbyUSregulatorysystems,affectingtheavailabilityandqualityofcities(PriceWaterhouse,1993).Somecitiesthatderegu-taxicabservice,companyanddriverincomes,licenselatedlaterre-institutednumericallimits(PriceWaterhouse,values,accountabilityofserviceprovidersandthesc
