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1、RONALDW.LANGACKERDYNAMICITYINGRAMMAR1.ORIENTATIONInlinguistictheory,thegenerativeorChomskyantraditionhasbeenpredominantoverthelastfourdecades.Naturallyithasgreatlychangedinthisperiod,evolvingintoaheterogeneousfamilyofcontemporarytheories.Byandlarge,however,generativedoctrinehasemphas
2、izedthesupposedmodularityoflanguage,itsstatusasadistinctmentalfaculty,anditsdiscontinuityvis-à-visotherfacetsofcognition(Fodor1983).Withinlanguage,itproclaimstheautonomyofsyntax,whichisseenasaself-containedformalsystemdescribablewithoutessentialreferencetomeaning.Thisoutlookhaspresup
3、posedatraditionalviewofmeaningde-rivingfromobjectivistphilosophy(cf.Lakoff1987),i.e.,someversionofatruthconditionalsemanticsbasedonformallogic.Aradicalalternativetothistraditionhasemergedoverthelasttwode-cadesandisrapidlygrowingonaworld-widebasis.Comprisingadiverseyetbasicallycoheren
4、tsetofapproaches,themovementcalledcognitivelinguisticsviewslanguageasanintegralfacetofcognition.Insofaraspossible,languageisseenasrecruitingandmanifestingother,morebasiccognitivephenomena(e.g.,perception,attention,memory,categorization)fromwhichitcannotbedissociated.Fromthecognitivep
5、erspectivegram-marisregardedasbeinginherentlymeaningful(notanautonomousformalsystem).Itsmeaningfulnessbecomesapparentgrantedanindependentlyjustifiedconceptualistsemantics.Researchincognitivesemanticshasclearlydemonstratedtheconceptualbasisoflinguisticmeaning,mostevidentfromthecrucialr
6、oleofimaginativecapacities,suchasmeta-phor,blending,theconstructionofmentalspaces,andtheevocationofmyriadentitiesofafictivenature(Fauconnier1985,1997;FauconnierandSweetser1996;FauconnierandTurner1998;LakoffandJohnson1980,1999;LakoffandTurner1989;Langacker1986,1999c;Matsumoto1996a,1996
7、b;Talmy1996,2000a,2000b;Turner1987;TurnerandFauconnier1995).Axiomathes12:733,2001.©2001KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.8RONALDW.LANGACKERFigure1.Conceptualizationisinherentlydynamic.Itresidesinmentalpro-cessing,soeveryconceptionrequiressomespanofprocessingtimehowever
8、briefforitso
