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1、LouisBrandeisandtheRhetoricofTransactionalMoralityPaulStobProgressivereformersfrequentlyspokeamorallanguage,bringingabstractmorallawstobearonthesocial,economic,andpoliticalturmoiloftheearlytwentiethcentury.However,thisformofmoraldiscourseoftenprovedineffectiveforgraspingthecomplexitiesofthetime.I
2、nthisessayIturntoLouisBrandeis’sprogressiveadvocacytouncoveranalternativeformofmoralspeech,onethatwasbetterattunedtothechangingnatureofsociety.AsIargue,Brandeisarticulatedwhatonemightcall“transactionalmorality,”craftingarhetoricthathingedupontheinterconnectionofmorality,economics,anddemocraticcit
3、izenship.Byinfusinghismoralspeechwitheconomicterminologyandanabidingconcernforcivicparticipation,Brandeisdirectedthenation’sattentiontothemoralcostsandbenefitsofanemergingindustrialdemocracy.Theresultwasaformofmoralengagementthatnotonlyavoidedtheproblemsotherprogressivesencounteredbutalsoreconfig
4、uredmoralityinresponsetoradicalsocialchange.heProgressiveErainAmericawitnessedtheriseofanumberofnotablereformers—JaneAddams,WilliamJenningsBryan,TheodoreTRoosevelt,FlorenceKelley,W.E.B.DuBois,RobertLaFollette,UptonSinclair,EugeneV.Debs,andWoodrowWilson,amongmanyothers.Thesefigureshelpedchangethew
5、ayAmericansthoughtandspokeabouttheirworld.Indeed,theywereinfluentialrhetoriciansaswellasreformers,PaulStobisAssistantProfessorofCommunicationStudiesatVanderbiltUniversity.HewishestothankStephenE.Lucas,WilliamReese,RobertAsen,andthreeanonymousreviewersfortheirinsightfulcommentsandinvaluablesuggest
6、ions.©2011MichiganStateUniversityBoardofTrustees.Allrightsreserved.Rhetoric&PublicAffairsVol.14,No.2,2011,pp.261–290.ISSN1094-8392.261262Rhetoric&PublicAffairsspeakingandwritinginthehopeofshapingthenation’sunderstandingofcommonproblems.Together,theyfostereda“rhetoricalrenaissancethatchangedhowAme
7、ricanstalkedaboutpoliticsandsociety.”1OneofthemostprominentprogressivereformerswasLouisBrandeis.WellbeforemakinghismarkasthefirstJewishmemberoftheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt,Brandeismadeanameforhimselfasachampionofprogres
