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1、Neurolinguistics1Whatisneurolinguistics?Neurolinguisticsstudiestherelationoflanguageandcommunicationtodifferentaspectsofbrainfunction,i.e.ittriestoexplorehowthebrainunderstandsandproduceslanguageandcommunication.Thisinvolvesattemptingtocombinetheoryfromneurology/neurophysiology(howthebrainiss
2、tructuredandhowitfunctions)withlinguistictheory(howlanguageisstructuredandhowitfunctions).•"humanlanguageorcommunication(speech,hearing,reading,writing,ornon-verbalmodalities)relatedtoanyaspectofthebrainorbrainfunction"(BrainandLanguage:"Description")•Thecommonproblemareaofrelatingaspectsofla
3、nguageorcommunicationtobrainfunctioninthisdynamicformulation,isstatedasacommonquestionbyLuriain"Basicproblemsinneurolinguistics":•"whataretherealprocessesofformationofverbalcommunicationanditscomprehension,andwhatarethecomponentsoftheseprocessesandtheconditionsunderwhichtheytakeplace"•(Luria,
4、1976,p.3)Interdisciplinaryenterprise•linguistics,neuroanatomy,neurology,neurophysiology,philosophy,psychology,psychiatry,speechpathologyandcomputerscience,neurobiology,anthropology,chemistry,cognitivescienceandartificialintelligence.•Thus,thehumanities,aswellasmedical,naturalandsocialsciences
5、,aswellastechnologyarerepresented.Differentviewsontherelationbetweenbrainandlanguage•Localismtriestofindlocationsorcentersinthebrainfordifferentlanguagefunctions.Associationismplaceslanguagefunctionsintheconnectionsbetweendifferentareasofthebrain,makingitpossibletoassociate,forexample,percept
6、ionsofdifferentsenseswithwordsand/or“concepts”.•Dynamiclocalizationoffunctionassumesthatfunctionalsystemsoflocalizedsub-functionsperformlanguagefunctions.Suchsystemsaredynamic,sothattheycanbereorganizedduringlanguagedevelopmentorafterabraindamage.•Holistictheoriesconsidermanylanguagefunctions
7、ashandledbylargepartsofthebrainworkingtogether.•Evolutionbasedtheoriesstresstherelationbetweenhowbrainandlanguageevolvedovertimeindifferentspecies,howtheydevelopinchildrenandhowadultsperformlanguagefunctions.Thecentralquestionsofneurolinguist
