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1、SeriesinPlasmaPhysicsReaction±DiffusionProblemsinthePhysicsofHotPlasmasHansWilhelmssonChalmersUniversityofTechnology,GoÈteborg,SwedenEnzoLazzaroIstitutodiFisicadelPlasma``PCaldirola'',ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Milan,ItalyI0PInstituteofPhysicsPublishingBristolandPhiladelphiaCopyrig
2、ht©2001IOPPublishingLtdÓIOPPublishingLtd2001Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.Multiplecopyingispermittedinacc
3、ordancewiththetermsoflicencesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyunderthetermsofitsagreementwiththeCommitteeofVice-ChancellorsandPrincipals.BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN0750306157LibraryofCongressCataloging-in
4、-PublicationDataareavailableCommissioningEditor:JohnNavasProductionEditor:SimonLaurensonProductionControl:SarahPlentyCoverDesign:FrederiqueSwistMarketingExecutive:ColinFentonPublishedbyInstituteofPhysicsPublishing,whollyownedbyTheInstituteofPhysics,LondonInstituteofPhysicsPublishing,Dir
5、acHouse,TempleBack,BristolBS16BE,UKUSOf®ce:InstituteofPhysicsPublishing,ThePublicLedgerBuilding,Suite1035,150SouthIndependenceMallWest,Philadelphia,PA19106,USATypesetbytheAldenGroup,Oxford.PrintedintheUKbyBookcraft,MidsomerNorton,SomersetCopyright©2001IOPPublishingLtdDedicationToMariaro
6、sa,AnnaandAndreaEnzoLazzaroTomywifeJulieandtothefutureofallourchildrenandgrandchildrenHansWilhelmssonCopyright©2001IOPPublishingLtdContentsPrefaceIntroduction1TheConceptofTimeScale1.1SimpleLinearandNon-linearExamples1.2ParametricInstabilities1.3TheExplosiveInstabilityandtheProblemofSatu
7、ration1.4SolarEclipseDiagnosticsofIonosphericPlasmas1.5StationaryNon-linearLongitudinalWavesinHotPlasmas2DescriptionofContinuousMedia2.1EvolutionEquations3ModellingaSystemwithaFiniteNumberofVariables3.1Non-linearitiesduetoInelasticCollisions3.2ExactSolutionsofReaction±Diffusion