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1、Thereadingreportofunitthree12会计（4）班2011330300403王婷慧1．Theprinciplesofscientificmanagement（IntroductionandChapter1）Thispaperhasbeenwrittenfromproblemstomethods.Firstly,topointout,throughaseriesofsimpleillustrations,thegreatlosswhichthewholecountryissufferingthoughinefficiencyinalmostallofourd
2、ailyacts.Secondly,totrytoconvincethereaderthattheremedyforthisinefficiencyliesinsystematicmanagement,ratherthaninsearchingforsomeunusualorextraordinary.Thirdly,toprovethatthebestmanagementisatruescience,restinguponclearlydefinedlaws,rules,andprinciples,asafoundation.Andfurthertoshowthatthef
3、undamentalprinciplesofscientificmanagementareapplicabletoallkindsofhumanactivities,fromoursimplestindividualactstotheworkofourgreatcorporations,whichcallforthemostelaboratecooperation.And,briefly,throughaseriesofillustrations,toconvincethereaderthatwhenevertheseprinciplesarecorrectlyapplied
4、,resultsmustfollowwhicharetrulyastounding.Lastly,Taylornotedthatwhiletheexampleswerechosentoappealtoengineersandmanagers,hisprinciplescouldbeappliedtothemanagementofanysocialenterprise,suchashomes,farms,smallbusinesses,churches,philanthropicinstitutions,universities,andgovernment.Taylorargu
5、edthattheprincipalobjectofmanagementshouldbetosecurethemaximumprosperityfortheemployer,coupledwiththemaximumprosperityforeachemployee.Hearguedthatthemostimportantobjectofboththeemployeeandthemanagementshouldbethetraininganddevelopmentofeachindividualintheestablishment,sothathecandothehighes
6、tclassofworkforwhichhisnaturalabilitiesfithim.Taylordemonstratedthatmaximumprosperitycanexistonlyastheresultofmaximumproductivity,bothfortheshopandindividual,andrebukedtheideathatthefundamentalinterestsofemployeesandemployersarenecessarilyantagonistic.Taylordescribedhowmostallworkersdeliber
7、atelyworkslowly,or“soldier,”toprotecttheirinterests.AccordingtoTaylor,therewerethreereasonsfortheinefficiency:First.Thefallacy,whichhasfromtimeimmemorialbeenalmostuniversalamongworkmen,thatamaterialincreaseintheoutputofeachmanoreachmachineinthetradewould
