Using_Stable_Isotope_Tracers

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1、3UsingStableIsotopeTracersOverviewIsotopesareformsofanelementthatdifferinthenumberofneutrons.Iso-topesfunctionasnaturaldyesorcolors,generallytrackingthecirculationofelements.Isotopestraceecologicalconnectionsatmanylevels,fromindi-vidualmicrobestowholela

2、ndscapes.Isotopecolorsmixwhensourcemate-rialscombine,andinacyclicprocessthatecologistscanappreciate,theprocessofisotopefractionationtakesthemixedmaterialandregeneratesthesourcesbysplittingorfractionatingthemixtures.Elementsandtheiriso-topescirculateinth

3、ebiosphereatlarge,butalsoinallsmallerecologicalplant,animal,orsoilsystems.Chapter3reviewsthiscirculationforeachoftheHCNOSelements,thengivesfourshortreviewsthatmaystimulateyoutothinkabouthowyoucoulduseisotopesinyourownecologicalresearch.3.1.IsotopeCircul

4、ationintheBiosphere.Thissectionshowsthatelementsandtheirisotopescirculateincharacteristicwaysinthebiosphere.Thiscirculationleadstoregularisotopepatternsanddistributionsthataredescribedinthissection.Ecologistsshouldlearntheseisotopedistribu-tionsasstarti

5、ngpointsforusingisotopes.3.2.LandscapeEcologyandIsotopeMaps.Thisisthefirstoffourmini-reviewsabouthowecologistscurrentlyusestableisotopetracersintheirecologicalresearch.Isotopesoftenhavestrongspatialsignalsthatcanbesummarizedinmaps.Theisotopemapsareuseful

6、forunderstandingtheecologyofchanginglandscapes.3.3.CommunityEcologyandInvasiveSpeciesinFoodWebs.Manyecolo-gistsuseisotopestohelpstudyfeedinghabitsofspeciesandcommunities,includinghumancommunities.Theisotopemeasurementstrackeffectsofspeciesinvasionsoneco

7、systembiogeochemistry,foodwebs,anddiets.3.4.LifeHistoryEcologyandAnimalMigrations.Manyspeciesmoveandmigrate,andisotopesarepowerfultoolsforstudyingthemigrationsofindividualanimals.40UsingStableIsotopeTracers413.5.Plants,Microbes,andScalingUp.Thereisalarg

8、e-scaleplanetarycir-culationofelementsthatwehumansincreasinglyperturb.Ecologistsinterestedinplantsandmicrobesareusingisotopestohelptrackchangesinthiscyclingatbothsmallandlargescales.MainPointstoLearn.Readingthischaptermayleaveyou