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1、ReportsPages265-287ChapterSixteenContentsStructureofReportsStepsandtipsofwritingformalandinformalreportsSampleAnalysisUsefulSentencePatternsExercisesFormalReportsQUESTIONSWhatdoesaformalreportconsistof?Whatdoesaprefatorypartconsistof?Whataretheyusedfor?Wh
2、atdoesaformalreportconsistof?Basicallyaformalreportconsistsofthreeparts:prefatory,textofreportandsupplementary..Whatdoesaprefatorypartconsistof?Whataretheyusedfor?Half-titlepage(Titlefly)TitlepageLetterormemooftransmittalTableofcontentsListoffiguresExecut
3、ivesummaryorabstract.FormalReportsQUESTIONSWhatelementsdoesthetextofreportinclude?Whatistheintroductorypartabout?Whatelementsdoesthetextofreportinclude?Fourelements:Introduction,Body,Recommendations,andConclusion.Whatistheintroductorypartabout?BackgroundP
4、roblemorpurposeSignificanceScopeOrganizeBesides,youcanconsideradding1)authorization,2)literaturereview,3)sourcesandmethods,and4)definitionsofkeyterms.FormalReportsQUESTIONSWhatarebodyandconclusionaboutrespectively?BodyTheprincipalsectioninaformalreportist
5、hebody.Itdiscusses,analyzes,interprets,andevaluatestheresearchfindingorsolutiontotheinitialproblem.Thisiswhereyoushowtheevidencethatjustifiesyourconclusions.ConclusionThisimportantsectiontellswhatthefindingsmean,particularlyintermsofsolvingtheoriginalprob
6、lem.Youmayintermixconclusionswiththeanalysisofthefindings—insteadofpresentingtheconclusionsseparatelyoryoumayplacetheconclusionsbeforethebodysothatbusyreaderscanexaminethesignificantinformationimmediately.Still,youmayalsocombinetheconclusionsandrecommenda
7、tions.Whatarerecommendationsabout?Whenrequestedyoushouldsubmitrecommendationsthatmakeprecisesuggestionsforactionstosolvethereportedproblem.Theyshouldevolvefromthefindingsandconclusions.Donotintroducenewinformationintheconclusionsorrecommendations.Aswithco
8、nclusions,thepositionofrecommendationsissomewhatflexible.Theymaybecombinedwithconclusions,ortheymaybepresentedbeforethebody,especiallywhentheaudienceiseagerandsupportive.Generally,though,informalreports,theycomelast
