20th_century_literature

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1、TwentiethCenturyLiteratureThomasHardyJohnGalsworthyOscarWildeGeorgeBernardShawD.H.LawrenceVirginiaWoolfJamesJoyceTheSocialBackgroundThenaturalandsocialsciencesdevelopmentledtogreatgainsinmaterialwealth.Frequenteconomicdepressionsandmassunemploymentsharpe

2、nedthecontradictionsbetweentherichandpoor.(3)ThecatastrophictwoworldwarstremendouslyweakenedtheBritishEmpireandbroughtaboutgreatsufferingstoitspeopleaswell.TheappallingshockoftheFirstWorldseverelydestroyedpeople'sfaithintheVictorianvalues;Thepostwarecono

3、micdislocationandspiritualdisillusionproducedaprofoundimpactupontheBritishpeople,whocametoseetheprevalentwretchednessincapitalism.TheSecondWorldWarmarkedthelaststageofthedisintegrationoftheBritishEmpire.Britainsufferedheavylossesinthewar:thousandsofpeopl

4、ewerekilled;theeconomywasruined;andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost.Peoplewereineconomic,cultural,andbeliefcrisis.IdeologicalBackgroundIdeologically,theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannat

5、uresandhumanrelationships.ThetheoryofScientificSocialismputforwardbyKarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsnotonlyprovidedaguidingprinciplefortheworkingpeople,butalsoinspiredthemtomakedauntlessfightsfortheirownemancipation.(2)TheSocialDarwinismunderthecoverof"surviva

6、lofthefittest,"vehementlyadvocatedcolonialismorjingoism(侵略主义).(3)Freud’sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredourconceptionofhumannature.Realisminthe20thcenturyEnglishliteratureRealismwas,toacertainextent,eclipsedbytherapidriseofmodernisminthe1920s.Inthe

7、1930s,novelistsbegantoturntheirattentiontotheurgentsocialproblems.Theyalsoenrichedthetraditionalwaysofcreationbyadoptingsomeofthemodernisttechniques.However,therealisticnovelsofthisperiodweremoreorlesstouchedbyapessimisticmood,preoccupiedwiththethemeofma

8、n'sloneliness.TheAngryYoungMan."Agroupofyoungnovelistsandplaywrightswithlower-middle-classorworking-classbackgroundinthemid-1950sandearly1960sTheydemonstratedaparticulardisillusionoverthedepressingsituationinBritainandlaun