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1、7TOPICSFORFURTHERSTUDY高深的论题TheTheoryofConsumerChoice消费者选择理论Chapter21Thetheoryofconsumerchoiceaddressesthefollowingquestions:Doalldemandcurvesslopedownward?Howdowagesaffectlaborsupply?Howdointerestratesaffecthouseholdsaving?Dothepoorprefertoreceivecashorin-kindtran
2、sfers?消费者选择理论回答以下问题:所有需求曲线都是向右下方倾斜吗?工资如何影响劳动供给?利率如何影响家庭储蓄?穷人偏好得到现金还是实物转移支付?THEBUDGETCONSTRAINT:WHATTHECONSUMERCANAFFORDThebudgetconstraintdepictstheconsumption“bundles”thataconsumercanafford.Peopleconsumelessthantheydesirebecausetheirspendingisconstrained,orlimite
3、d,bytheirincome.预算约束：消费者买得起什么预算约束线——对消费者可以承受的消费组合的限制。人们之所以消费的比他们愿意的少是因为他们受到收入的限制。THEBUDGETCONSTRAINT:WHATTHECONSUMERCANAFFORD预算约束：消费者买得起什么Thebudgetconstraintshowsthevariouscombinationsofgoodstheconsumercanaffordgivenhisorherincomeandthepricesofthetwogoods.预算约束线表示给
4、定收入和两种商品的价格，消费者所能买得起的消费组合。TheConsumer’sBudgetConstraint消费者的预算约束百事可乐（品脱）比萨饼数量（个）百事可乐支出（美元）比萨饼支出（美元）总支出（美元）0100$0$1,000$1,00050901009001,000100802008001,000150703007001,000200604006001,000250505005001,000300406004001,000350307003001,000400208002001,000450109001001,0
5、0050001,00001,000THEBUDGETCONSTRAINT:WHATTHECONSUMERCANAFFORDTheConsumer’sBudgetConstraintAnypointonthebudgetconstraintlineindicatestheconsumer’scombinationortradeoffbetweentwogoods.Forexample,iftheconsumerbuysnopizzas,hecanafford500pintsofPepsi(pointB).Ifhebuysno
6、Pepsi,hecanafford100pizzas(pointA).预算约束：消费者买得起什么消费者的预算约束线预算约束线上任何一点表示了消费者的消费组合或者两种商品之间的权衡取舍。例如，如果消费者不买比萨饼他就可以购买500品脱的百事可乐（B点）。如果他不买百事可乐，他就可以购买100个比萨饼（A点）。Figure1TheConsumer’sBudgetConstraintQuantityofPizzaQuantityofPepsi0Consumer’sbudgetconstraint500B100A图1.消费者的预算
7、约束线比萨饼数量百事可乐数量0消费者的预算约束线500B100ATHEBUDGETCONSTRAINT:WHATTHECONSUMERCANAFFORD预算约束：消费者买得起什么TheConsumer’sBudgetConstraint消费者的预算约束线Alternately,theconsumercanbuy50pizzasand250pintsofPepsi.消费者也可以购买50个比萨饼和250品脱百事可乐。Figure1TheConsumer’sBudgetConstraintQuantityofPizzaQuant
8、ityofPepsi0Consumer’sbudgetconstraint500B25050C100A图1.消费者的预算约束线百事可乐数量0消费者的预算约束线500B25050C100A比萨饼数量THEBUDGETCONSTRAINT:WHATTHECONSUMERCANAFFORDTheslopeof
