欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:40230869
大小:899.00 KB
页数:71页
时间:2019-07-27
《曼昆 经济学原理04-供给需求及市场力量》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemandChapter4TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemandSupplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften.Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork.Modernmicroeconomicsisaboutsupply,demand,andmarketequilibrium.MarketsAmarketisag
2、roupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.Thetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeople...astheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.MarketsBuyersdeterminedemand.Sellersdeterminesupply.MarketType:ACompetitiveMarketAcompetitivemarketisamarket...withmanybuyers
3、andsellers.thatisnotcontrolledbyanyoneperson.inwhichanarrowrangeofpricesareestablishedthatbuyersandsellersactupon.Competition:PerfectandOtherwiseProductsarethesameNumerousbuyersandsellerssothateachhasnoinfluenceoverpriceBuyersandSellersarepricetakersPerfectCompet
4、itionCompetition:PerfectandOtherwiseMonopolyOneseller,andsellercontrolspriceOligopolyFewsellersNotalwaysaggressivecompetitionCompetition:PerfectandOtherwiseMonopolisticCompetitionManysellersSlightlydifferentiatedproductsEachsellermaysetpriceforitsownproductDemandQ
5、uantitydemandedistheamountofagoodthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchase.LawofDemandThelawofdemandstatesthatthereisaninverserelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemanded.DemandScheduleThedemandscheduleisatablethatshowstherelationshipbetweenthepriceofthegoodandtheq
6、uantitydemanded.DemandScheduleDeterminantsofDemandMarketpriceConsumerincomePricesofrelatedgoodsTastesExpectationsDemandCurveThedemandcurveisthedownward-slopinglinerelatingpricetoquantitydemanded.DemandCurve$3.002.502.001.501.000.50213456789101211PriceofIce-CreamCo
7、neQuantityofIce-CreamCones0CeterisParibusCeterisparibusisaLatinphrasethatmeansallvariablesotherthantheonesbeingstudiedareassumedtobeconstant.Literally,ceterisparibusmeans“otherthingsbeingequal.”Thedemandcurveslopesdownwardbecause,ceterisparibus,lowerpricesimplyagr
8、eaterquantitydemanded!MarketDemandMarketdemandreferstothesumofallindividualdemandsforaparticulargoodorservice.Graphically,individualdemandcurvesaresumme
此文档下载收益归作者所有