1、11.4BacteriaEpidemiology Epidemiology‐Studying and analyzing the cause/effect and transmission of disease in popula>ons ZoonoticDiseasethatcanbepassedBETWEENanimalsandhumansToxoplasmagondiilifecycle.KevinJ.Esch,andChristineA.PetersenClin.Microbiol.Rev.2013;26:58-85
2、Important BACTERIA –Cyanobacteria –Black Plague/Bubonic plague –E. coli –Salmonella –Cholera –Lyme Disease –Anthrax Cyanobacteria •Known as “blue‐green algae”(which is a misnomer since algae are eukaryo6c) •Photosynthe>c •Named for bluish pigment (phycocyanin)thatth
3、eyusetocapturesunlight•HUGEprimaryproducer(foundeverywhere)Black Death/Bubonic Plague •Caused by Yersinia pes6s•Carried by fleas living on black rats (or other small mammals) •Symptoms: fever, headache, fa>gue/muscle weakness, presence of buboes (swollen lymph nodes)
4、and cell death at extremi>es •Killed 2/3 of European popula>on in 1300s •30 ‐ 75% mortality Escherichia coli (E. coli) •MANY harmless strains! Some live in our gut and aid in diges>on ☺•Harmful strains cause food poisoning "–Ea>ng unwashed vegetables and uncooked (
5、poor quality) meat products –Bacteria release toxins that cause illness Salmonella •Closely related to Escherichia (also rod shaped) •Most common cause of food poisoning–Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramping•Usually from chicken eggs (uncooked) or undercooked chicken (
6、raw cookie dough?) •also can come from pets OR from other contaminated food •Symptoms 12 ‐ 72 hours of inges>on (some6mes only 6 hours in rare occurrences) Cholera •Caused by: Vibrio cholerae•Bacteria produces a toxin that causes illness•Usually caused by contaminat
7、ed water (or food prepared with contaminated water) •Exhaus>ve diarrhea to shock within 4 ‐ 12 hoursLyme Disease •Caused by a spirella bacteria: Borreliaburgdorferi•Carried by Ticks •Fever, headache, fa>gue, depression and “bulls‐eye” rash •If untreated can be fatal
8、 Anthrax •Caused by Bacillus anthracis•Can form endospores (dormant) when condi>ons are unfavorable ‐ can last for centuries •Now
