An Outline of British History

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1、AnOutlineofBritishHistoryByStevenL.Rosen,Ph.D.1MAINPERIODSINBRITISHHISTORY©STONEAGEBRITAIN(5000BC-55BC)©THECELTS(800-600BC-Romanoccupation)©ROMANBRITAIN(55BC-AD440)©ANGLO-SAXONANDVIKINGPERIOD(440-1066)©EARLYMIDDLEAGES(1066-1290)©LATERMIDDLEAGES(1290-1485©THETUDORAGE(1485-1603

2、)©THESTUARTS(1603-1714)©GEORGIANENGLAND(1714-1837)©THEVICTORIANAGE(1837-©MODERNBRITAIN(2OthCentury-)2TheBeginningsofBritishHistory:StoneAgeBritainOverthousandsofyears,groupsofpeoplecamefromthecontinentofEuropetoBritain.TheveryfirstpeoplewereStoneAgehunterslivingalloverEuropea

3、ndtheBritishIsles.Itwasabout2400BCwhenthefirstfarmersarrivedinEnglandfromsouthernEurope;thesearethepeoplewhobuiltthemysteriousstonemonumentslikeStonehenge.Then,about1700BCanothergroupoftallerandstrongerinvaderswhousedmetaltoolscamefromHollandandGermany.Likeallthegroupswhoinva

4、dedBritainthroughoutitsearlyhistory,theymarriedandmixedinwiththenativepopulation.Stonehenge3TheCeltsTheCeltscametoEnglandabout800BCfromCentralEurope(FranceandGermany).AnothergroupofwarlikeCeltsinvadedinthe4thcenturyBCandconqueredlandinthenorthofEnglandandScotlandandIreland.Th

5、eybecamethefirstaristocracytocontrolmostofBritain.Theyimposedtheirlanguage(Gaelic)onthepeople,whichstillsurvivestodaytosomedegreeinIrelandandScotlandandWales.TheRomansAftertheCelts,thenextgroupofpeopletocometoBritainandruleoveritwastheRomans.TheRomansfirstcamein55and54BC.They

6、livedpeacefullyinEnglandforabout300years.ThebroughttoBritainahighlydevelopedlegalsystem,systemoftaxation,engineeringskills,RomanarchitectureandtheLatinlanguage.Inthe4thcenturyRomewasconvertedtoChristianityandChristianmissionarieswenttoBritaintospreadthatreligion.Wesometimesca

7、lltalkaboutthisperiodastheCeltic-Romanperiodbecausethetwodifferentcultureslivedtogetherpeacefully.Inthe4thcenturyAD,duringtheperiodofthecollapseoftheRomanEmpire,theRomantroopsinBritainleft.SomehistorianssaytheRomanswereimportantinBritishhistory,otherssaythattheirinfluencewasr

8、eallyverysmall.Inanycase,aftertheRomansleft,theCelticpeoplewhoremain