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1、www.advopticalmat.dewww.MaterialsViews.comREVIEWComplexPhotonicStructuresforLightHarvestingMatteoBurresi,FilippoPratesi,FrancescoRiboli,andDiederikSyboltWiersma*AworldwideadaptationtosolarenergyOverthelastfewyears,micro-andnanophotonicshaverousedastrongsourcescouldbefavoredbyi
2、mprovinginterestinthescientificcommunityfortheirpromisingimpactonthedevelop-solarcellefficiencyandhenceloweringmentofnovelkindsofsolarcells.Certainthin-andultrathin-filmsolarcellsthematerialneedsandcosts.Photonictechniquescanplayanimportantrolebyaremadeofinnovative,oftencheap,mat
3、erialswhichsufferfromalowenergyincreasingthecapabilitiesofamaterialtoconversionefficiency.Light-trappingmechanismsbasedonnanophotonicstraplight,thusfacilitatingabsorption.Ide-principlesareparticularlysuitedtoenhancetheabsorptionofelectromagnetically,onewantstomaximizethecouplin
4、gofwavesinthesethinmediawithoutchangingthematerialcomposition.Inthislightintoastructurewhileminimizingthereview,thelatestresultsachievedinthisfieldarereported,withparticularamountoflightthatescapes.Inanabsorp-tion-freemedium,thisrequirementisinattentiontotherealizationofprototy
5、pes,spanningfromdeterministictodis-contrastwithreciprocityinMaxwell’sequa-orderedphotonicarchitectures,andfromdielectrictometallicnanostructures.tions,butitisallowedinamaterialwithnon-negligibleabsorption.Intheidealsit-uation,lightshouldeasilyenter,butthen1.Introductionremaina
6、slongaspossibleinsidesothatefficientabsorptionandconversionfromlighttoelectricitycantakeplace.SunlighthasbyfarthehighesttheoreticalpotentialoftheEarth’sInthefieldofsolarcellapplications,aplanargeometryisrenewableenergysources.Thesolarconstant(thesolarfluxusuallyemployed,wherethes
7、ystemismuchwiderthanitisinterceptedbytheEarth)is1.37kWm−2.Takingintoaccountthethick.Thisgeometryisdictatedbytheneedofinterceptingascross-sectionalareaoftheEarthinterceptingthisflux,lossesbymanyphotonsaspossiblewhilekeepingthebuildingmaterialatmosphericscatteringorabsorption,and
8、otherrelevantfactors,toaminimum.Thereasonforthelatterisnotonl
