资源描述：
《Indexicals, Fiction and Ficta DIALECTICA》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、3_Corazza/Whitsley24.09.200311:03UhrSeite121Indexicals,Fictions,andFictaErosCORAZZAandMarkWHITSEY†ABSTRACTWedefendtheviewthatanindexicalutteredbyanactorworksonthemodelofdeferredrefer-ence.Ifitdeferstoacharacterwhichdoesnotexist,itisanemptyterm,justas‘Ham
2、let’and‘Ophelia’are.Theutteranceinwhichitappearsdoesnotexpressapropositionandthuslacksatruthvalue.Weadvocateanontologicallyparsimonious,anti-realist,position.Weshowhowthenotionoftruthinouruseandunderstandingofindexicals(andfictionalnames)astheyappearwith
3、inafictionisnotacentralissue.Weclaimthatouruseandunderstandingofindex-icals(andnames)restsonthefactthattheircognitivecontributionisnotexhaustedbytheirsemanticcontribution.Tosaythatunicornshaveanexistenceinheraldry,orinliterature,orinimagination,isamostpi
4、tifulandpaltryevasion.(Russell1919,169)1.IntroductionTheliteratureonfictionalnamesisrich.Itisnotunusualtofindpaperswithnamessuchas‘SherlockHolmes’appearinginthetitle.Therehavebeenroughlythreeattitudesvis-à-visfictionalnames.Someclaimthattheyrefertofictio
5、nalcharacters(Meinong1904,Predelli2002,Salmon1998and1994,Zalta1983,tonamebutafew)1,someclaimthattheyarenotnamesatallbutdisguiseddescriptions(Russell1918,Currie1993),whileothersclaimthattheyareemptynames,i.e.thattheylackareferent(Braun1993,Donnellan1974,P
6、erry2001).However,littleattentionhasbeengiventothewayinwhich†TheUniversityofNottingham,UniversityPark,Dept.Philosophy,Nottingham,NG72RD,UK;E-mails:eros.corazza@nottingham.ac.ukandmtw@cs.nott.ac.uk1Toavoidconfusion,weshouldmentionthatwearedealingwithficta
7、,i.e.fictionalchar-acters,whichbynomeanshavethesameontologicalstatusaspossibilia.Fictaaredefinesaskindsofconstructedabstractobjects(essentially,theyareincompleteabstractentities)suchasRobinHoodandSantaClaus,whereaspossibiliaareconcreteobjectsthatcouldhav
8、eexisted:theyconcretelyexhibitthewaythisworld,andthethingsinit,couldhaveturnedout.Assuch,possibleworldsareconstructedoutofpossibilia(seeVoltolini1994formoreontheficta/possi-biliadistinction).Sincereferencetothetwokindsofen
