资源描述：
《Agrawal_et_al-Journal_of_Industrial_Ecology 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、FORUMModularUpgradabilityinConsumerElectronicsEconomicandEnvironmentalImplicationsVishalV.Agrawal,AtalayAtasu,andSezerUlk¨u¨Keywords:SummaryconsumerelectronicsindustrialecologyModularlyupgradableproductdesignshavebeenadvocatedtoofferenvironmentalandmodularityeconomicadvantages;however,th
2、eyarenotcommonlyusedintheconsumerelectronicsproductdesignindustry.Inthisarticle,weinvestigatetheeconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsandchal-sustainableconsumptionlengesofmodularupgradabilityforconsumerelectronics.Fromaneconomicpointofview,upgradabilitywepositthatthelimitedadoptionofmodularupg
3、radabilityinconsumerelectronicsisowingtovariousdemand-,technology-,andcompetition-relatedissues.Fromanenvironmentalpointofview,wepositthatmodularlyupgradableproductdesignsmaynotnecessarilyleadtosuperiorenvironmentaloutcomes.Toreachmeaningfulconclusionsregardingtheenvironmentalbenefitsofmo
4、dularupgradability,oneneedstounderstandhowproductarchitectureaffectsdemand,production,andconsumptionpatterns,whicharisefromen-dogenousconsumerandmanufacturerchoices.Itisalsoimportanttotakeintoaccountthatmodularupgradabilitymayhavepotentiallydifferentiatedeffectsintheproduction,consumptio
5、n,andpostusephasesofthelifecycle.Introductionsubsystems(Newcombetal.1998;Bras2009;TheEconomist2011)giventhattheyallowreplacementofonlythesubsystemsFrequentproductreplacements,owingtotechnologicalthathavebecomeobsoleteinsteadoftheentireproduct;thus,progress,leadtoartificialshorteningofprod
6、uctlifespans,re-productionanddisposalvolumes,owingtoobsolescence,maysultinginagreaternumberofobsoleteproductsandproductionbereduced.volumes.ThishasadetrimentaleffectontheenvironmentinModularupgradabilityhasalsobeenpromotedbyenviron-theformofgreaterconsumptionofrawmaterialsandenergymental
7、organizationsandagenciesasanenvironmentallysupe-andalargerquantityofproductssenttolandfills,whichisriorapproach(KeoleianandMenerey1993;USEPA2013);isgainingincreasedpublicawarenessandattention,particularlyoneofthecriterionofenvironmentalproductratings,suchaswiththeaccelerat
